Abstract: The results of analysis of more than 7000 clay mineral samples from 20 oil bearing basi ns indicated that the characteristics of distribution and controlling factors are different in conventional,salt alkaline lake,coal bearing and volcanic detritus sedimantary basins.The transformation from smectite to illite and kaolinite to chlorite with depth is obvious in normal basins,and such change of clay minerals is governed domminantly by diagenetic process.High illite and chlorite and low kaolinite is the characteristics in salt alkali basins.This is governed by the condition of the aqueous medium,and typical minerals are obviously different under different condition.In coal bearing basins,the clay minerals are characterized by high kaolin ite content.In volcanic detritus basins,the smectite is widely spreaded and it is mainly governed by the source of parent material and the condition of the aqueous medium.

摘要： 通过我国近20个含油盆地7000多块样品的粘土矿物分析研究发现,在不同类型沉积盆地中粘土矿物分布特征有很大不同,而且各自的主要控制因素也有明显差别。正常沉积盆地。随埋深增加蒙脱石向伊利石转化及高岭石向绿泥石转化的规律明显,控制因素以成岩作用为主。盐碱沉积盆地粘土矿物的特征是伊利石和绿泥石含最高,而缺乏高岭石。特征矿物主要受水介质条件制约。含煤沉积盆地普遍高岭石含量高,主要也是受水介质条件制约。火山碎屑岩沉积盆地的特征是普遍存在蒙脱石,主要受母质来源和水介质条件所制约。