Abstract: The influences of gas hydrate on oil and natural gas industry,environment,climate and energy are summarized.A series of microscopic mechanisms for hydrate nucleation,including cluster nucleation from liquid,interfacial nucleation,stochastic hydrate nucleation and the interfacial clustering,quasi-chemical reaction,and two-step nucleation,are introduced.The relevant mathematical modeling and the measurement of nucleation are also reviewed.Eight important aspects for future hydrate nucleation kinetics research are suggested.

Key words: hydrate, microscopic mechanism, kinetics, nucleation, modeling

摘要： 概述了水合物对石油天然气工业及环境、气候、能源等方面的影响.对成核概念作了简要介绍,主要阐述了成簇成核模型、界面成核模型、随机水合物成核与界面成簇模型、反应动力学模型、双过程水合物成核模型等几种不同的水合物成核微观机理,并简单介绍了有关的成核过程关联式及对水合物成核的测量情况.针对目前水合物研究中存在的问题,提出了有关水合物成核动力学的发展方向.

关键词: 水合物, 微观机理, 动力学, 成核, 模型