Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb201605002

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 572-586.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201605002

• Petroleum Exploration • Previous Articles Next Articles

Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

Zhao Jianhua¹, Jin Zhijun², Jin Zhenkui¹, Wen Xin¹, Geng Yikai¹, Yan Caina³, Nie Haikuan²

1. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2015-11-06 Revised:2016-03-06 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-06-06

四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境

赵建华¹, 金之钧², 金振奎¹, 温馨¹, 耿一凯¹, 颜彩娜³, 聂海宽²

1. 中国石油大学地球科学学院北京 102249;
2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
3. 中国地质大学能源学院北京 100083

通讯作者: 赵建华,男,1985年7月生,2008年获中国石油大学(华东)学士学位,2011年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院博士后,主要从事沉积学与非常规油气地质研究。Email:zhao_jh2013@163.com
作者简介:赵建华,男,1985年7月生,2008年获中国石油大学(华东)学士学位,2011年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院博士后,主要从事沉积学与非常规油气地质研究。Email:zhao_jh2013@163.com
基金资助:
中国博士后科学基金《富有机质页岩中自生石英成因机制及对页岩气勘探的意义》(No.2016M591350);国家自然科学基金项目《高热演化条件下页岩气聚集机理和评价方法研究》(No.41202103)和中国石油化工股份有限公司科技攻关项目《川东地区龙马溪组页岩气富集规律与分布预测》(G5800-14-ZS-KJB158)资助。

Abstract

Abstract:

The formation of organic-rich shale was controlled by sediment transport and deposition processes as well as sedimentary environment conditions. Based on mineralogy as well as different rock fabrics, biotic components and sedimentary textures, seven types of shale lithofacies were identified in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation; siliceous shale, silty shale, argillaceous shale, calcareous shale, shell-bearing lime mudstone/marl, siltstone-fine sandstone and bentonite. The shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation was not always able to deposit in a suspending form under the low-energy hydrodynamic conditions. A large number of siliceous biological fossils, biological detritus with grading characteristics, silt laminations, lenticular bedding, ripple cross-bedding and other sedimentary textures indicate that biogenic deposition, storm deposition and bottom current deposition also existed. Trace element analysis suggests that the siliceous shale in the lower part of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation was formed in the dysoxic/anoxic environment, which was rich in organic matters. Then, sea level gradually declined. Meanwhile, influenced by bottom current, lithofacies types were changed and shown as silty shale and argillaceous shale, while dysoxic/anoxic environment was damaged, resulting in the gradually worsening preservation conditions of organic matter.

Key words: sedimentary environment, organic-rich shale, lithofacies type, depositional process, anoxic environment

摘要：

沉积物的搬运过程和环境条件控制着富有机质页岩的形成。根据矿物学、岩石组构、生物组成及沉积构造的不同,五峰组-龙马溪组页岩识别出7种岩相类型:硅质页岩、粉砂质页岩、黏土质页岩、灰质页岩、含介壳灰岩泥质/泥灰岩、粉砂岩-细砂岩和斑脱岩。五峰组-龙马溪组页岩并不是一直在低能的水动力条件下以悬浮的形式沉积,大量硅质生物化石、具粒序特征的生物碎屑、粉砂纹层、透镜状层理及沙纹交错层理等沉积构造表明,还存在生物沉积、风暴沉积和底流沉积作用。微量元素分析表明五峰组和龙马溪组下部硅质页岩形成于贫氧/缺氧环境,富含有机质;随后海平面逐渐下降,同时受到底流的影响,岩相类型向粉砂质页岩和黏土质页岩转变,贫氧/缺氧环境受到破坏,有机质的保存条件逐渐变差。

关键词: 沉积环境, 富有机质页岩, 岩相类型, 沉积过程, 缺氧环境

CLC Number:

TE122.14

Zhao Jianhua, Jin Zhijun, Jin Zhenkui, Wen Xin, Geng Yikai, Yan Caina, Nie Haikuan. Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(5): 572-586.

赵建华, 金之钧, 金振奎, 温馨, 耿一凯, 颜彩娜, 聂海宽. 四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(5): 572-586.

References

[1] Sundborg Å.The River Klarälven:a study of fluvial processes[J].Geografiska Annaler,1956,38(2):125-237.
[2] Pettijohn F J.Sedimentary rocks:Harper's geoscience series[M].New York:Harper,1957.
[3] Potter P E,Maynard J B,Pryor W A.Sedimentology of shale:study guide and reference source[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1980.
[4] Macquaker J H S,Taylor K G,Gawthorpe R L.High-resolution facies analyses of mudstones:implications for paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic interpretations of offshore ancient mud-dominated successions[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77(4):324-339.
[5] Ross D J K,Bustin R M.Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian-Mississippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin:application of an integrated formation evaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
[6] Milliken K L,Day-Stirrat R J,Papazis P K,et al.Carbonate lithologies of the Mississippian Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[C]//Breyer J.Shale reservoirs:Giant resources for the 21st century.AAPG Memoir,2012,97:290-321.
[7] Lazar O R,Bohacs K M,Macquaker J H S,et al.Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrop,cores,and thin sections:nomenclature and description guideline[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(3):230-246.
[8] Shanmugam G.Deep-marine tidal bottom currents and their reworked sands in modern and ancient submarine canyons[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(5):471-491.
[9] Schieber J,Southard J B.Bedload transport of mud by floccule ripples-Direct observation of ripple migration processes and their implications[J].Geology,2009,37(6):483-486.
[10] Macquaker J H S,Bentley S J,Bohacs K M.Wave-enhanced sediment gravity flows and mud dispersal across continental shelves:reappraising sediment transport processes operating in ancient mudstone successions[J].Geology,2010,38(10):947-950.
[11] 张金川,金之钧,袁明生,等.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18.
Zhang Jinchuan,Jin Zhijun,Yuan Mingsheng,et al.Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):15-18.
[12] 董大忠,程克明,王玉满,等.中国上扬子区下古生界页岩气形成条件及特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):288-299.
Dong Dazhong,Cheng Keming,Wang Yuman,et al.Forming conditions and characteristics of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of the Upper Yangtze region,China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(3):288-299.
[13] 曾祥亮,刘树根,黄文明,等.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩与美国Fort Worth盆地石炭系Barnett组页岩地质特征对比[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):372-384.
Zeng Xiangliang,Liu Shugen,Huang Wenming,et al.Comparison of Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale of Sichuan basin in China and carboniferous Barnett Formation shale of Fort Worth basin in United States[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):372-384.
[14] 郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-36.
Guo Tonglou,Zhang Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):28-36.
[15] 李双建,肖开华,沃玉进,等.中上扬子地区上奥陶统-下志留统烃源岩发育的古环境恢复[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2009,28(5):450-458.
Li Shuangjian,Xiao Kaihua,Wo Yujin,et al.Palaeo-environment restoration of Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian hydrocarbon source rock in Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2009,28(5):450-458.
[16] 牟传龙,周恳恳,梁薇,等.中上扬子地区早古生代烃源岩沉积环境与油气勘探[J].地质学报,2011,85(4):526-532.
Mou Chuanlong,Zhou Kenken,Liang Wei,et al.Early Paleozoic sedimentary environment of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Region and petroleum and gas exploration[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(4):526-532.
[17] 黄福喜,陈洪德,侯明才,等.中上扬子克拉通加里东期(寒武-志留纪)沉积层序充填过程与演化模式[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2299-2317.
Huang Fuxi,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al.Filling process and evolutionary model of sedimentary sequence of Middle-Upper Yangtze craton in Caledonian (Cambrian-Silurian)[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2299-2317.
[18] 张春明,张维生,郭英海.川东南-黔北地区龙马溪组沉积环境及其对烃源岩的影响[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):136-145.
Zhang Chunming,Zhang Weisheng,Guo Yinghai.Sedimentary environment and its effect on hydrocarbon source of Longmaxi Formation in southeast Sichuan and northern Guizhou[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):136-145.
[19] 汪泽成,赵文智,张林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:1-287.
Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Lin,et al.The structtural sequence of the Sichuan Basin and the natural gas exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:1-287.
[20] 翟光明.中国石油地质志:卷十:四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989:28-109,224-480.
Zhai Guangming.Petroleum geology of China:vol.10:Sichuan oil and gas area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989:28-109,224-480.
[21] Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Charles E M,et al.Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian graptolite and brachiopod biozonation from the Yangtze region,South China,with a global correlation[J].Geological Magazine,2000,137(6):623-650.
[22] 苏文博,李志明,Ettensohn F R,等.华南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系时空展布的主控因素及其启示[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(6):819-827.
Su Wenbo,Li Zhiming,Ettensohn F R,et al.Distribution of black shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations (Ordovician-Silurian),South China:major controlling factors and implications[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(6):819-827.
[23] Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Li Yue,et al.Facies patterns and geography of the Yangtze region,South China,through the Ordovician and Silurian transition[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2004,204(3/4):353-372.
[24] 王淑芳,邹才能,董大忠,等.四川盆地富有机质页岩硅质生物成因及对页岩气开发的意义[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(3):476-486.
Wang Shufang,Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,et al.Biogenic silica of organic-rich shale in Sichuan Basin and its significance for shale gas[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2014,50(3):476-486.
[25] Singh P,Slatt R M,Borges G,et al.Reservoir characterization of unconventional gas shale reservoirs:example from the Barnett Shale,Texas,U.S.A[J].Oklahoma City Geological Society Shale Shaker,2009,60(1):15-31.
[26] Abouelresh M O,Slatt R M.Lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Barnett shale in east-central Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(1):1-22.
[27] 姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等.含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J].石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039.
Jiang Zaixing,Liang Chao,Wu Jing,et al.Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(6):1031-1039.
[28] 梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.
Liang Chao,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Yiting,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):691-698.
[29] 王志峰,张元福,梁雪莉,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组不同水动力成因页岩岩相特征[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):623-632.
Wang Zhifeng,Zhang Yuanfu,Liang Xueli,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies formed under different hydrodynamic conditions in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):623-632.
[30] Schieber J,Krinsley D,Riciputi L.Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling[J].Nature,2000,406(6799):981-985.
[31] Loucks R G,Ruppel S C.Mississippian Barnett Shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[32] Bowker K A.Recent developments of the Barnett Shale play,Fort Worth Basin[J].West Texas Geological Society Bulletin,2003,42:4-11.
[33] Papazis P K.Petrographic characterization of the Barnett Shale,Fort Worth Basin,Texas[D].Austin,Texas:University of Texas at Austin,2005:142.
[34] 苏文博,李志明,史晓颖,等.华南五峰组-龙马溪组与华北下马岭组的钾质斑脱岩及黑色岩系:两个地史转折期板块构造运动的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):82-95.
Su Wenbo,Li Zhiming,Shi Xiaoying,et al.K-bentonites and black shales from the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations (Early Paleozoic,South China) and Xiamaling formation (Early Neoproterozoic,North China):implications for tectonic processes during two important transitions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(6):82-95.
[35] Stow D A V,Huc A Y,Bertrand P.Depositional processes of black shales in deep water[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(4):491-498.
[36] Schieber J.Reverse engineering Mother Nature Shale sedimentology from an experimental perspective[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,238(1/2):1-22.
[37] Curran K J,Hill P S,Schell T M,et al.Inferring the mass fraction of floc-deposited mud:application to fine-grained turbidites[J].Sedimentology,2004,51(5):927-944.
[38] Alldredge A L,Silver M W.Characteristics,dynamics and significance of marine snow[J].Progress in Oceanography, 1998,20(1):41-82.
[39] Hart B S,Macquaker J H S,Taylor K G.Mudstone ("shale") depositional and diagenetic processes:implications for seismic analyses of source-rock reservoirs[J].Interpretation,2013,1(1):B7-B26.
[40] Wedepohl K H.The composition of the upper Earth's crust and the natural cycles of selected elements,Metals in natural raw materials.Natural resources[C]//Merian E.Metals and their compounds in the natural environment.Weinheim,Germany:VCH,1991:3-17.
[41] Rowe H D,Loucks R G,Ruppel S C,et al.Mississippian Barnett Formation,Fort Worth Basin,Texas:bulk geochemical inferences and Mo-TOC constraints on the severity of hydrographic restriction[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257(1/2):16-25.
[42] Yamamoto K.Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of cherts and associated rocks in the Franciscan and Shimanto terrenes[J].Sedimentary Geology,1987,52(1/2):65-108.
[43] Harris N B.Mechanical anisotropy in the Woodford shale,Permian Basin:origin,magnitude,and scale[J].The Leading Edge,2011,30(3):284-291.
[44] Ager D V.The nature of the stratigraphic record[M].New York:MacMillan,1973:114.
[45] Kumar N,Sanders J E.Characteristics of shoreface storm deposits:modern and ancient examples[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1976,46(1):145-162.
[46] Drummond C,Sheets H.Taphonomic reworking and stratal organization of tempestite deposition:ordovician Kope Formation,northern Kentucky[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(4):621-627.
[47] Plint A G,Tyagi A,Hay M J,et al.Clinoforms,paleobathymetry,and mud dispersal across the Western Canada Cretaceous Foreland Basin:evidence from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation and contiguous strata[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(3):144-161.
[48] Dumas S,Arnott R W C,Southard J B.Experiments on oscillatory-flow and combined-flow bed forms:implications for interpreting parts of the shallow-marine sedimentary record[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2005,75(3):501-513.
[49] Shanmugam G.50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s-1990s):deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):285-342.
[50] Shanmugam G.New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:origin,recognition,initiation and reservoir quality[M].Burlington:Elsevier,2012:129-219.
[51] Calvert S E,Pedersen T F.Geochemistry of recent oxic and anoxic sediments:implications for the geological record[J].Marine Geology,1993,113(1/2):67-88.
[52] Algeo T J,Maynard J B.Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems[J].Chemical Geology,2004,206(3/4):289-318.
[53] Jones B,Manning D A C.Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J].Chemical Geology,1994,111(1/4):111-129.
[54] Wignall P B,Twitchett R J.Oceanic anoxia and the end Permian mass extinction[J].Science,1996,272(5265):1155-1158.
[55] Rimmer S M.Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian-Mississippian black shales,central Appalachian Basin (U.S.A.)[J].Chemical Geology,2004,206(3/4):373-391.
[56] Meyer E E,Burgreen B N,Lackey H,et al.Evidence for basin restriction during syn-collisional basin formation in the Silurian Arisaig Group,Nova Scotia[J].Chemical Geology,2008,256(1/2):1-11.
[57] 陈旭,戎嘉余,周志毅,等.上扬子区奥陶纪-志留纪之交的黔中隆起和宜昌上升[J].科学通报,2001,46(12):1052-1056.
Chen Xu,Rong Jiayu,Zhou Zhiyi,et al.The Central Guizhou and Yi-chang uplifts,Upper Yangtze region,between Ordovician and Silurian[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(18):1580-1584.

Lithofacies types and sedimentary environment of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩岩相类型与沉积环境

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Guo Xuguang, Wang Guiwen, Gong Deyu, Yang Fan, Yang Wei. Geochemical characteristics and formation environment of Fengcheng Formation source rocks in Mahu sag,Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(7): 1342-1354.
[2]	Zhao Jianhua, Yu Mengxiang, Chen Yang, Liu Keyu, Liu Guoheng, Wu Wei, Li Junqian, Luo Chao, You Zuhui. Silica diagenetic evolution and its control on pore development in shale reservoirs: a case study of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(12): 2273-2285.
[3]	Guo Wei, Li Xizhe, Zhang Xiaowei, Lan Chaoli, Liang Pingping, Shen Weijun, Zheng Majia. Sedimentary microfacies and microrelief of organic-rich shale in deep-water shelf and their control on reservoirs:a case study of shale from Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in southern Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 1089-1106.
[4]	Cai Yuan, Kong Xiangxin, Jiang Zaixing, Ge Taoyuan, Chen Fengling, Wu Shiqiang, Zhang Liang. Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment of Paleogene inter-salt strata in Q ianjiang sag: a case study from 10th rhythmite of the Lower Member 3 of Q ianjiang Formation [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(5): 605-616,636.
[5]	Liu Hanlin, Zou Caineng, Qiu Zhen, Pan Songqi, Zhang Wenzheng, Jing Zhenhua, Hao Jihua, Yin Shuai, Wu Songtao, Li Shixiang, Guo Qiulei. Sedimentary enrichment factors of extraordinarily high organic matter in the sub-member 3 of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(11): 1520-1541.
[6]	Zhu Guangyou, Zhao Kun, Li Tingting, Fu Xiaodong, Zhang Zhiyao, Chen Zhiyong, Wang Pengju. Sedimentary environment,development model and distribution prediction of Lower Cambrian source rocks in South China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1567-1586.
[7]	Wang Yuman, Wang Hongyan, Shen Junjun, Bai Wenhua, Dong Dazhong, Qiu Zhen, Li Xinjing, Wang Canhui. A new discovery and geological significance of thick-layered bentonites in the Upper Member of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Northern Sichuan-Western Hubei area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(11): 1309-1323.
[8]	Ma Bo, Ji Liming, Zhang Mingzhen, Jin Peihong, Yuan Bochao, Long Liwen. Palynofacies characteristics of source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in Jiuxi Basin and their petroleum geological significance [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(11): 1376-1387,1395.
[9]	Zhang Lili, Shu Yu, Cai Guofu, Long Zulie, Liu Dongqing, Wang Fei. Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary environment evolution and its impact on hydrocarbon source conditions in eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(s1): 153-165.
[10]	Wang Yong, Liu Huimin, Song Guoqi, Xiong Wei, Zhu Deshun, Zhu Deyan, Yin Yan, Ding Juhong, Yang Wanqin, Zhang Li, Zhang Shun. Lacustrine shale fine-grained sedimentary system in Jiyang depression [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(4): 395-410.
[11]	Shi Jing, Huang Wenhui, Lü Chenhang, Cui Xiaonan. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of the Upper Paleozoic mudstones from Linxing area in Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(8): 876-889.
[12]	Cui Yongqian, Wang Jianguo, Tian Jianzhang, Zhao Zongju, Xiao Yang, Wang Peixi, Tian Ran, Song Chungang, Xiao Fei. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite in the north central part of North China Platform [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(8): 890-901.
[13]	Wang Chao, Zhang Baiqiao, Lu Yongchao, Shu Zhiguo, Lu Yaqiu, Bao Hanyong, Meng Zhiyong, Chen Lei. Lithofacies distribution characteristics and main development controlling factors of shale in Wufeng Formation-Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(6): 631-644.
[14]	Wang Yuman, Chen Bo, Li Xinjing, Wang Hao, Chang Licheng, Jiang Shan. Sedimentary characteristics of upwelling facies shale in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Sichuan area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(10): 1092-1102.
[15]	Wang Yong, Liu Huimin, Song Guoqi, Hao Xuefeng, Zhu Deshun, Zhu Deyan, Ding Juhong, Yang Wanqin, Yin Yan. Carbonate genesis and geological significance of shale hydrocarbon in lacustrine facies mud shale: a case study of source rocks in the upper submember of Member 4 and lower submember of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation, Dongying sag [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(12): 1390-1400.