Q uantitative characterization and microscopic occurrence mechanism of pore water in shale matrix

doi:10.7623/syxb202008007

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 979-990.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202008007

• Oil Field Development • Previous Articles Next Articles

Q uantitative characterization and microscopic occurrence mechanism of pore water in shale matrix

Li Junqian¹, Lu Shuangfang¹, Zhang Pengfei², Li Wenbiao¹, Jing Tieya³, Feng Wenjun¹

1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
2. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong Qingdao 266590, China;
3. Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China

Received:2019-09-08 Revised:2020-04-17 Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-09-01

页岩基质孔隙水定量表征及微观赋存机制

李俊乾¹, 卢双舫¹, 张鹏飞², 李文镖¹, 荆铁亚³, 冯文俊¹

1. 中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院山东青岛 266580;
2. 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院山东青岛 266590;
3. 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司北京 102209

通讯作者: 卢双舫,男,1962年6月生,1983年获江汉石油学院学士学位,1993年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)教授、博士生导师,主要从事非常规油气地质学方面的研究。Email:lushuangfang@upe.edu.cn
作者简介:李俊乾,男,1987年7月生,2009年获中国地质大学(北京)学士学位,2014年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)副教授,主要从事页岩储层流体赋存与运移方面的研究工作。Email:lijunqian@upc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41972123，No.41672125）和国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05061）资助。

Abstract

Abstract:

The water-bearing capability of shale matrix is one of the important geological factors affecting the enrichment and migration of shale gas. However, there is no mature theory and method of quantitative characterization for the water of different states (adsorption state and free state) in the matrix pores and the mechanism of microscopic occurrence is not clearly understood. Based on the fact that adsorbed water and free water coexist in the pores, this paper proposes two theoretical models of adsorption ratio equation and liquid state equation. The former can calculate the mass ratio of adsorbed water in the pores of saturated shale matrix, and the latter can be used to describe the occurrence state of pore water in saturated shale and evaluate adsorption parameters (density and thickness of adsorbed water). Furthermore, using nuclear magnetic resonance technology (NMR), this paper establishes a quantitative evaluation method for pore water in (un)saturated shale matrix based on NMR T₂ spectrum, and applies it to the marine shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin. The research results show:(1) under laboratory conditions (20℃, atmospheric pressure), the mass ratio of adsorbed water in matrix pores of the shale saturated with distilled water (i.e., adsorption ratio) is 26.8% -62.9%, with an average of 45.5%; the saturation of adsorbed water is 19.19% -52.36%, with an average of 35.71%; the average density and average thickness of adsorption water are about 1.54 g/cm³ and 0.65 nm, respectively. (2) In the NMR T₂ spectrum, the adsorbed water is mainly distributed in the interval of small T₂ values, and it is the opposite for the free water, and there is an overlap between the two. (3) There is a critical size for pores; with the pore size smaller than the critical value, the pores will be completely filled with adsorbed water; with the pore size greater than the critical value, the pores have both adsorbed water and free water. As the pore size increases, the saturation of adsorbed water gradually decreases and the saturation of free water gradually increases. In general, the absorbed water is mainly distributed in pores with the diameter <50 nm, and the free water is distributed in pores with the diameter >50 nm. (4) In the same shale core, under different water content, the content and distribution of adsorbed water change slightly; as the water content decreases, the content and distribution of free water changes greatly; the content and amplitude gradually decreases.

Key words: pore water, shale matrix, content distribution, shale gas, evaluation theory, evaluation method

摘要：

页岩基质赋水性是影响页岩气富集和运移的重要地质因素之一，但针对基质孔隙内不同状态（吸附与游离）水的定量表征理论和方法尚不成熟、微观赋存机制还不够清楚。基于孔隙内吸附水和游离水两相共存特征，提出了吸附比例方程和液体状态方程两个理论模型，前者可计算饱和页岩基质孔隙内吸附水所占质量比，后者可用于描述饱和页岩中孔隙水赋存状态及评估吸附参数（吸附水的密度和厚度）。进一步结合核磁共振技术，建立了基于核磁共振T₂谱的（非）饱和页岩基质孔隙水定量评价方法，并以四川盆地东南部五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩为例进行了应用。研究结果显示：①在实验室条件（20℃、常压）下，饱和蒸馏水页岩基质孔隙内吸附水质量比（即吸附比例）为26.8%~62.9%、平均为45.5%；吸附水饱和度为19.19%~52.36%，平均为35.71%；吸附水平均密度和平均厚度分别约为1.54 g/cm³和0.65 nm。②在核磁共振T₂谱上，吸附水主要分布于较小的T₂值区间，游离水则反之，两者之间有交叉重叠。③存在一个临界孔径，小于该孔径的孔隙内完全被吸附水充填；大于该孔径的孔隙内吸附水和游离水两相共存，且随孔径增大，吸附水饱和度逐渐减小、游离水饱和度逐渐增加；总体上，吸附水主要分布于<50 nm的孔隙内，游离水分布于>50 nm的孔隙内。④同一页岩岩心在不同含水率情况下吸附水含量及分布总体上变化较小；随着含水率减小，游离水含量及分布变化较大，含量逐渐减小、幅度逐渐降低。

关键词: 孔隙水, 页岩基质, 含量分布, 页岩气, 评价理论, 评价方法

CLC Number:

TE311

Li Junqian, Lu Shuangfang, Zhang Pengfei, Li Wenbiao, Jing Tieya, Feng Wenjun. Q uantitative characterization and microscopic occurrence mechanism of pore water in shale matrix[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(8): 979-990.

李俊乾, 卢双舫, 张鹏飞, 李文镖, 荆铁亚, 冯文俊. 页岩基质孔隙水定量表征及微观赋存机制[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(8): 979-990.

References

[1] MAHADEVAN J,SHARMA M M,YORTSOS Y C.Evaporative cleanup of water blocks in gas wells[J].SPE Journal,2007,12(2):209-216.
[2] 周尚文,刘洪林,闫刚,等.中国南方海相页岩储层可动流体及T₂截止值核磁共振研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(4):612-616.
ZHOU Shangwen,LIU Honglin,YAN Gang,et al.NMR research of movable fluid and T₂ cutoff of marine shale in South China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(4):612-616.
[3] 方朝合,黄志龙,王巧智,等.富含气页岩储层超低含水饱和度成因及意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):471-476.
FANG Chaohe,HUANG Zhilong,WANG Qiaozhi,et al.Cause and significance of the ultra-low water saturation in gas-enriched shale reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(3):471-476.
[4] CHENG Peng,TIAN Hui,XIAO Xianming,et al.Water distribution in overmature organic-rich shales:implications from water adsorption experiments[J].Energy & Fuels,2017,31(12):13120-13132.
[5] 李靖,陈掌星,李相方,等.页岩及黏土纳米孔隙中液态水分布量化研究[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48(11):1219-1233.
LI Jing,CHEN Zhangxing,LI Xiangfang,et al.A quantitative research of water distribution characteristics inside shale and clay nanopores[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2018,48(11):1219-1233.
[6] 胡志明,端祥刚,何亚彬,等.储层原生水对页岩气赋存状态与流动能力的影响[J].天然气工业,2018,38(7):44-51.
HU Zhiming,DUAN Xianggang,HE Yabin,et al.Influence of reservoir primary water on shale gas occurrence and flow capacity[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(7):44-51.
[7] 刘洪林,王红岩.中国南方海相页岩超低含水饱和度特征及超压核心区选择指标[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):140-144.
LIU Honglin,WANG Hongyan.Ultra-low water saturation characteristics and the identification of over-pressured play fairways of marine shales in south China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):140-144.
[8] CHALMERS G R L,BUSTIN R M.The organic matter distribution and methane capacity of the Lower Cretaceous strata of Northeastern British Columbia,Canada[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2007,70(1/3):223-239.
[9] LI Jing,LI Xiangfang,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Water distribution characteristic and effect on methane adsorption capacity in shale clay[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2016,159:135-154.
[10] TANG Xu,RIPEPI N,VALENTINE K A,et al.Water vapor sorption on Marcellus shale:measurement,modeling and thermodynamic analysis[J].Fuel,2017,209:606-614.
[11] ROSS D J K,BUSTIN R M.The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(6):916-927.
[12] GASPARIK M,BERTIER P,GENSTERBLUM Y,et al.Geological controls on the methane storage capacity in organic-rich shales[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,123:34-51.
[13] 李靖,李相方,王香增,等.页岩黏土孔隙含水饱和度分布及其对甲烷吸附的影响[J].力学学报,2016,48(5):1217-1228.
LI Jing,LI Xiangfang,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Effect of water distribution on methane adsorption capacity in shale clay[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(5):1217-1228.
[14] 吴克柳,李相方,陈掌星.页岩纳米孔吸附气表面扩散机理和数学模型[J].中国科学:技术科学,2015,45(5):525-540.
WU Keliu,LI Xiangfang,CHEN Zhangxing.The mechanism and mathematical model for the adsorbed gas surface diffusion in nanopores of shale gas reservoirs[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2015,45(5):525-540.
[15] 吴克柳,李相方,陈掌星.页岩气纳米孔气体传输模型[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):837-848.
WU Keliu,LI Xiangfang,CHEN Zhangxing.A model for gas transport through nanopores of shale gas reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):837-848.
[16] WU Keliu,CHEN Zhangxin,LI Xiangfang,et al.A model for multiple transport mechanisms through nanopores of shale gas reservoirs with real gas effect-adsorption-mechanic coupling[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2016,93:408-426.
[17] YUAN Weina,PAN Zhejun,LI Xiao,et al.Experimental study and modeling of methane adsorption and diffusion in shale[J].Fuel,2014,117:509-519.
[18] WU Qihua,BAI Baojun,MA Yinfa,et al.Optic imaging of two-phase-flow behavior in 1D nanoscale channels[J].SPE Journal,2014,19(5):793-802.
[19] ZHANG Tao,LI Xiangfang,SUN Zheng,et al.An analytical model for relative permeability in water-wet nanoporous media[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,174:1-12.
[20] LI Yan,WU Keliu,LI Jing,et al.Shale gas transport in wedged nanopores with water films[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2019,66:217-232.
[21] WANG Xiukun,SHENG J J.Multi-scaled pore network modeling of gas-water flow in shale formations[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2019,177:899-908.
[22] 廖东良,路保平,陈延军.页岩气地质甜点评价方法——以四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田为例[J].石油学报,2019,40(2):144-151.
LIAO Dongliang,LU Baoping,CHEN Yanjun.An evaluation method of geological sweet spots of shale gas reservoir:a case study of the Jiaoshiba gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(2):144-151.
[23] WANG Feiyu,GUAN Jing,FENG Weiping,et al.Evolution of overmature marine shale porosity and implication to the free gas volume[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):819-824.
[24] XU Jingling,XU Lei,QIN Yuxing.Two effective methods for calculating water saturations in shale-gas reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2017,82(3):D187-D197.
[25] YUAN Yujie,REZAEE R,VERRALL M,et al.Pore characterization and clay bound water assessment in shale with a combination of NMR and low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2018,194:11-21.
[26] LI Junqian,WANG Siyuan,LU Shuangfang,et al.Microdistribution and mobility of water in gas shale:a theoretical and experimental study[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2019,102:496-507.
[27] LI Jing,LI Xiangfang,WU Keliu,et al.Thickness and stability of water film confined inside nanoslits and nanocapillaries of shale and clay[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,179:253-268.
[28] ZOLFAGHARI A,DEHGHANPOUR H,HOLYK J.Water sorption behaviour of gas shales:I.Role of clays[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,179:130-138.
[29] ZOLFAGHARI A,DEHGHANPOUR H,XU Mingxiang.Water sorption behaviour of gas shales:II.Pore size distribution[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2017,179:187-195.
[30] WANG Tianyu,TIAN Shouceng,LI Gensheng,et al.Experimental study of water vapor adsorption behaviors on shale[J].Fuel,2019,248:168-177.
[31] SHEN Weijun,LI Xizhe,CIHAN A,et al.Experimental and numerical simulation of water adsorption and diffusion in shale gas reservoir rocks[J].Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2019,3(2):165-174.
[32] FENG Dong,LI Xiangfang,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Water adsorption and its impact on the pore structure characteristics of shale clay[J].Applied Clay Science,2018,155:126-138.
[33] 董红坤,李相方,程时清.利用方块模型研究气藏可动水饱和度的压敏效应[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):111-112.
DONG Hongkun,LI Xiangfang,CHENG Shiqing.Pressure-sensitive effect study of movable water saturation in gas reservoirs by block model[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):111-112.
[34] 付大其,朱华银,刘义成,等.低渗气层岩石孔隙中可动水实验[J].大庆石油学院学报,2008,32(5):23-26.
FU Daqi,ZHU Huayin,LIU Yicheng,et al.Experimental study of the movable water in the rock pore of low permeability gas layer[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2008,32(5):23-26.
[35] 王瑞飞,陈明强.特低渗透砂岩储层可动流体赋存特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):558-561.
WANG Ruifei,CHEN Mingqiang.Characteristics and influencing factors of movable fluid in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(4):558-561.
[36] 王晓梅,赵靖舟,刘新社,等.苏里格气田西区致密砂岩储层地层水分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):802-810.
WANG Xiaomei,ZHAO Jingzhou,LIU Xinshe,et al.Distribution of formation water in tight sandstone reservoirs of western Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(5):802-810.
[37] CAI Yidong,LIU Dameng,PAN Zhejun,et al.Petrophysical characterization of Chinese coal cores with heat treatment by nuclear magnetic resonance[J].Fuel,2013,108:292-302.
[38] XIAO Liang,ZOU Changchun,MAO Zhiqiang,et al.Estimation of water saturation from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)and conventional logs in low permeability sandstone reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,108:40-51.
[39] 郑司建,姚艳斌,蔡益栋,等.准噶尔盆地南缘低煤阶煤储层可动流体及孔径分布特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(1):56-60.
ZHENG Sijian,YAO Yanbin,CAI Yidong,et al.Characteristics of movable fluid and pore size distribution of low rank coals reservoir in southern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2018,46(1):56-60.
[40] TESTAMANTI M N,REZAEE R.Determination of NMR T2 cut-off for clay bound water in shales:a case study of Carynginia Formation,Perth Basin,Western Australia[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,149:497-503.
[41] LI Junqian,LU Shuangfang,CAI Jianchao,et al.Adsorbed and free oil in lacustrine nanoporous shale:a theoretical model and a case study[J].Energy & Fuels,2018,32(12):12247-12258.
[42] 李俊乾,卢双舫,张婕,等.页岩油吸附与游离定量评价模型及微观赋存机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2019,40(3):583-592.
LI Junqian,LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Jie,et al.Quantitative evaluation models of adsorbed and free shale oil and its microscopic occurrence mechanism[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2019,40(3):583-592.
[43] 蒋裕强,刘雄伟,付永红,等.渝西地区海相页岩储层孔隙有效性评价[J].石油学报,2019,40(10):1233-1243.
JIANG Yuqiang,LIU Xiongwei,FU Yonghong,et al.Evaluation of effective porosity in marine shale reservoir,western Chongqing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(10):1233-1243.
[44] LI Junqian,LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Pengfei,et al.Estimation of gas-in-place content in coal and shale reservoirs:a process analysis method and its preliminary application[J].Fuel,2020,259:116266.
[45] 中国石油天然气总公司.岩石比表面和孔径分布测定静态氮吸附容量法:SY/T 6154-1995[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
China National Petroleum Corporation.Determination of static nitrogen adsorption capacity by rock surface area and pore size distribution:SY/T 6154-1995[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[46] 宋付权,张翔,黄小荷,等.纳米尺度下页岩基质中的页岩气渗流及渗吸特征[J].中国科学:技术科学,2016,46(2):120-126.
SONG Fuquan,ZHANG Xiang,HUANG Xiaohe,et al.The flow characteristics of shale gas through shale rock matrix in nano-scale and water imbibition on shale sheets[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2016,46(2):120-126.
[47] 张大奎,周克明.封闭气与储层下限的实验研究[J].天然气工业,1990,10(1):30-35.
ZHANG Dakui,ZHOU Keming.Experimental studies of occluded gas and the reservoir cutoffs[J].Natural Gas Industry,1990,10(1):30-35.
[48] CHURAEV N V.On the forces of hydrophobic attraction in wetting films of aqueous solutions[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,1993,79(1):25-31.
[49] 贺承祖,华明琪.油气藏中水膜的厚度[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(2):75-77.
HE Chengzu,HUA Mingqi.The thickness of water film in oil and gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(2):75-77.
[50] ZHANG Pengfei,LU Shuangfang,LI Junqian,et al.Comparisons of SEM,Low-Field NMR,and mercury intrusion capillary pressure in characterization of the pore size distribution of lacustrine shale:a case study on the Dongying depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Energy & Fuels,2017,31(9):9232-9239.
[51] ZHANG Pengfei,LU Shuangfang,LI Junqian,et al.Petrophysical characterization of oil-bearing shales by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,89:775-785.
[52] 李文镖,卢双舫,李俊乾,等.南方海相页岩物质组成与孔隙微观结构耦合关系[J].天然气地球科学,2019,30(1):27-38.
LI Wenbiao,LU Shuangfang,LI Junqian,et al.The coupling relationship between material composition and pore microstructure of southern China marine shale[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2019,30(1):27-38.
[53] 李靖,李相方,王香增,等.页岩无机质孔隙含水饱和度分布量化模型[J].石油学报,2016,37(7):903-913.
LI Jing,LI Xiangfang,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.A quantitative model to determine water-saturation distribution characteristics inside shale inorganic pores[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(7):903-913.
[54] SHEN Jian,ZHAO Jincheng,QIN Yong,et al.Water imbibition and drainage of high rank coals in Qinshui Basin,China[J].Fuel,2018,211:48-59.
[55] EVERETT D H.Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1972,31(4):577-638.

Q uantitative characterization and microscopic occurrence mechanism of pore water in shale matrix

页岩基质孔隙水定量表征及微观赋存机制

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Liang Xing, Shan Chang’an, Zhang Lei, Luo Yufeng, Jiang Liwei, Zhang Jiehui, Zhu Douxing, Shu Honglin, Li Jian. Exploration discovery and accumulation conditions of Da’an deep shale gas field in western Chongqing,Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(3): 477-499.
[2]	Li Le, Hu Yuanqing, Peng Xiaogui, Wang Wei, Yu Haoyu, Cui Yasheng. Research progress of hydrogen sulfide genesis in shale gas reservoirs [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(2): 461-476.
[3]	Song Yong, Tang Yong, He Wenjun, Gong Deyu, Yan Qi, Chen Gang, Shan Xiang, Liu Chaowei, Liu Gang, Qin Zhijun, Ablimit Yiming, You Xincai, Ren Haijiao, Bai Yu, Gao Gang. New fields, new types and exploration potentials of oil-gas exploration in Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 52-68.
[4]	Tan Maojin, Wu Hongliang, Wang Siyu, Du Guanghui, Bai Yang, Wang Qian. Progress and development direction of log interpretation technology for marine shale gas in China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 241-260.
[5]	Wang Lixin, Li Hong, Liu Xiaomin, Hu Huafeng. Seismic exploration technologies of marine shale gas and their development directions in China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 261-275.
[6]	Zhao Jinzhou, Yong Rui, Hu Dongfeng, She Chaoyi, Fu Yongqiang, Wu Jianfa, Jiang Tingxue, Ren Lan, Zhou Bo, Lin Ran. Deep and ultra-deep shale gas fracturing in China: problems, challenges and directions [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 295-311.
[7]	Wu Jin, Li Hai, Yang Xuefeng, Zhao Shengxian, Guo Wei, Sun Yuping, Liu Yongyang, Liu Zhaolong. Types and combinations of deep marine shale laminae and their effects on reservoir quality: a case study of the first submember of Member 1 of Longmaxi Formation in Luzhou block,south Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(9): 1517-1531.
[8]	Xiong Liang, Zhao Yong, Wei Limin, Pang Heqing, Ci Jianfa. Enrichment mechanisms and key exploration and development technologies of shale gas in Weirong marine shale gas field [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(8): 1365-1381.
[9]	Hu Degao, Zhou Lin, Bao Hanyong, Liu Haotian, Liu Chao, Meng Zhiyong, Zhao Shuai, Wang Jian. Breakthrough and significance of Permian shale gas exploration of Well HY1 in Hongxing area,eastern Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(2): 241-252.
[10]	Wang Jian, Guo Qiulin, Zhao Chenlei, Wang Yuman, Yu Jingdu, Liu Zhuangxiaoxue, Chen Ningsheng. Potentials and prospects of shale oil-gas resources in major basins of China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(12): 2033-2044.
[11]	Gong Bin, Wang Hongya, Wang Hongna, Song Wei, Sun Xiongwei, Yang Jinghua. Integrated intelligent decision-making technology for deep coalbed methane geology and engineering based on big data analysis algorithms [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(11): 1949-1958.
[12]	Li Ning, Feng Zhou, Wu Hongliang, Tian Han, Liu Peng, Liu Yingming, Liu Zhonghua, Wang Kewen, Xu Binsen. New advances in methods and technologies for well logging evaluation of continental shale oil in China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(1): 28-44.
[13]	Jiang Pengfei, Wu Jianfa, Zhu Yiqing, Zhang Dekuang, Wu Wei, Zhang Rui, Wu Zhe, Wang Qing, Yang Yuran, Yang Xue, Wu Qiuzi, Chen Liqing, He Yifan, Zhang Juan. Enrichment conditions and favorable areas for exploration and development of marine shale gas in Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(1): 91-109.
[14]	Dou Lirong, Li Dawei, Wen Zhixin, Wang Zhaoming, Mi Shiyun, Zhang Qian. History and outlook of global oil and gas resources evaluation [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 1035-1048.
[15]	Zhang Zhi, Wang Jiawei, Wu You, Huo Hongbo, Xie Tao, Li Jinman. Effect of cement sheath condition on casing mechanical integrity in shale gas horizontal wells [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 1158-1172.