Abstract: Dolomite reservoirs have huge oil and gas exploration potential, but there are always disputes on the genesis of dolomite, which greatly affects the effective prediction of high-quality dolomite reservoirs. To further push the study of dolomite genesis, the paper systematically reviews the genetic types and traditional research methods of dolomite, as well as the research progress of non-traditional methods involving Mg isotope, clumped isotope, crystal structure and laser in-situ U-Pb dating in the past two decades, and also summarizes the existing problems. At present, there are more than 20 genetic models of dolomite, and the genetic types of dolomite can be essentially divided into primary dolomite and secondary dolomite. Through continuous exploration, the genetic theories of dolomite have been expanded, and also face challenges; among them, the emerging microbial induction theory has provided a more favorable evidence for the genesis of dolomite, and the genetic theory of some secondary metasomatic dolomite has also been expanded and challenged. The traditional analytical methods of basic petrology, cathodoluminescence, major and trace elements, rare earth elements, fluid inclusions, carbon and oxygen isotopes, and strontium isotopes have made great contributions to the exploration of dolomite genesis, laying a foundation for exploring the genesis of dolomite. The rapid development of non-traditional research methods for dolomite genesis provides more useful information for the formation and evolution of dolomite. Mg isotopes can effectively trace the source of Mg-rich fluid and reconstruct the evolution process of dolomite. Clumped isotope thermometry is of great significance for analyzing the diagenetic environment and diagenetic fluid in terms of dolomite diagenetic temperature and recovery of oxygen isotope value of dolomitized fluid. The crystal structure of dolomite has preserved the unique evidence of environment, crystallization, crystal growth and fluid in its formation process, which can be used as an effective means to study the formation environment and formation mechanism of dolomite. The absolute age determined by laser in-situ U-Pb dating is of great value for understanding the diagenesis and evolution of dolomite. However, the formation of dolomite is a multi-stage comprehensive process involving different geological conditions and different periods, and both traditional and non-traditional dolomite research methods have certain advantages and disadvantages. In many cases, it is difficult to explain the genesis of dolomite only using a single genetic model or research method. Therefore, we shall not simply apply or even abuse the genetic model in the study of dolomite genesis, and shall analyze the specific situation, combine the traditional and non-traditional dolomite analysis methods, and comprehensively consider the geological background, fluid properties, sources, dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms, so as to give a more accurate and reasonable explanation on dolomite genesis. Through a systematic review and analysis of researches on dolomite genesis, it is expected to provide some reference and new enlightenments for the study of dolomite genesis.

Key words: genetic type of dolomite, traditional research method of dolomite, Mg isotope, clumped isotope, crystal structure, laser in-situ U-Pb dating

摘要： 白云岩储层具备巨大的油气勘探潜力，但白云岩成因问题始终存在争议，这极大地干扰了优质白云岩储层的有效预测。为进一步推动白云岩成因问题的研究，系统回顾了近20年来白云岩的成因类型和传统研究方法，以及Mg同位素、团簇同位素、晶体结构和激光原位U-Pb定年等非传统研究方法的研究进展，并对其中存在的问题进行了总结。目前已建立的白云岩成因模式多达20多种，但从本质出发白云岩成因类型可划分为原生白云岩和次生白云岩两类。通过不断探索使白云岩成因理论愈加深入和丰富，其中微生物诱导理论的兴起为原生白云岩的成因提供了更有利的证据，部分次生交代白云岩成因理论也得到了拓展和挑战。基础岩石学、阴极发光、主/微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体、碳/氧同位素、锶同位素等传统分析方法为探究白云岩成因做出了卓越的贡献，是探究白云岩成因的基础。非传统白云岩成因研究方法的迅速发展，为白云岩的形成和演化提供了更多有用的信息。Mg同位素可有效示踪富Mg流体来源和重建白云石化的演化过程；团簇同位素测温技术在揭示白云岩成岩温度、恢复白云石化流体性质等方面有着重要意义；白云石晶体结构中保存了其形成过程中的环境、结晶、晶体生长、流体等方面特有的证据，可作为研究白云石形成环境、形成机理的有效手段；激光原位U-Pb定年的绝对年龄对于认识白云岩成岩过程和演化具有重要的价值。然而，白云岩的形成是一个涉及不同地质条件和不同时期的多阶段综合过程，无论是传统还是非传统白云岩研究方法都存在一定的优缺点，在许多情况下，仅用某种单一成因模式或研究手段难以完全解释白云岩的成因。因此，在研究白云岩成因时，切勿简单套用甚至滥用成因模式，而是应该针对具体情况具体分析，并将传统和非传统白云岩分析手段相互结合，综合地质背景、流体性质、来源、动力学和热力学机制，从而给出更为准确和合理的白云岩成因解释。通过对白云岩成因研究的系统回顾和分析，以期为研究白云岩成因提供一些参考和新的启示。

关键词: 白云岩成因类型, 白云岩传统研究方法, Mg同位素, 团簇同位素, 晶体结构, 激光原位U-Pb定年