Abstract: A breakthrough has been made in the acquisition and processing technology of marine broadband seismic data, greatly expanding the frequency range of seismic data. However, as influenced by the propagation laws of seismic wave fields and the absorption of strata, there are significant differences in the spectral characteristics of broadband seismic data between shallow and middle to deep layers. Especially, broadband seismic data indicate a dominant low-frequency feature in mid deep layers, and there are significant differences in events of seismic reflection and the conventional seismic data collected by horizontal streamers. Therefore, great challenges have been faced by the seismic inversion and interpretation techniques based on traditional seismic amplitude information. The paper first summarizes the current status of marine broadband seismic data acquisition and processing technology. Based on the large amount of data collected in deep water areas in China, it analyzes the wavelet and spectral characteristics of current deep-water broadband seismic data. It is proposed that inversion, attribute analysis, and sequence interpretation techniques should be adopted according to the characteristics of broadband seismic data at different buried depth and the requirements for targeted research, so as to fully utilize the advantages of broadband data. Moreover, based on the actual application cases of target areas as well as real achievements, the future development directions of marine broadband seismic exploration technology have been prospected.

Key words: middle to deep layers, deep-water, broadband seismic, ghost wave, inversion, instantaneous phase gradient, attribute analysis

摘要： 海洋宽频地震资料采集及配套处理技术取得了突破性发展,大幅拓宽了地震资料的频带范围。受地震波场传播规律及地层吸收因素影响,宽频地震数据在浅层和中—深层的频谱特征存在明显差异,特别是当地震波到达中—深层以后,宽频地震数据呈现明显的低频占优势的特征,其地震反射的同相轴与基于水平拖缆采集的常规地震资料的同向轴特征有显著差别。这使得基于传统地震振幅信息进行的地震反演和地震解释技术受到极大挑战。通过总结目前海洋宽频地震资料采集、处理的技术现状,利用中国深水区实际采集获取的地震数据,分析了现今深水宽频地震资料的子波和频谱特征,提出需针对不同深度宽频地震数据的特点及研究目标的需求,采用相应的反演、属性分析和层序解释技术,以充分发挥宽频数据的优势。此外,结合实际靶区的应用案例及成效,对海洋宽频地震勘探技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 中—深层, 深水, 宽频地震, 鬼波, 反演, 瞬时相位梯度, 属性分析