Abstract: Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas are important replacement resources for increasing reserve and production in China. Therefore, to achieve safe and fast drilling and completion of deep and ultra-deep wells is of great significance for the efficient development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources. By reviewing the development history of deep and ultra-deep wells in China, the paper summarizes and compares the current development status, advance and application of key technologies for deep and ultra-deep well drilling and completion, and further points out the development direction based on the current main problems. Moreover, a comparison has been made on key drilling equipment for well drilling and completion in deep and ultra-deep wells, wellbore structure optimization and expansion, drilling speeding-up, drilling fluid, cementing, downhole measurement and control technology, and key technical performance indicators of oil testing and completion technology and its application status in China and other countries. Then it is pointed out that technical gaps mainly occur as the result of resistance to high temperature and pressure, as well as high stability. Further, an analysis is performed on the latest progress and application of high-end equipment, cutting-edge tools and core additives, including the automatic drilling rigs for deep drilling that can support China to achieve the normalization of 8 000-meter ultra-deep drilling on land, with the drilling capacity of 9 000 meters and drilling depth range extending towards 10 000 meters, wellbore structure optimization, controlled pressure drilling (MPD), efficient PDC bits, high-temperature resistant and ultra-high density oil-based drilling fluids, efficient plugging, high strength and toughness cement slurry, automatic cementing, high temperature resistant acid fracturing, coiled tubing equipment for deep and ultra-deep operation. In view of ultra-high temperature, ultra-high pressure, complex geo-stress and multi pressure systems in ultra-deep layer which pose a great challenge to safe and efficient drilling and completion, the paper proposes that the further research should focus on optimization and expansion of wellbore structure, high temperature and high pressure resistant downhole tools and instruments, ultra-high temperature resistant downhole fluids, efficient rock-breaking and speed-up tools for ultra-deep drilling, ultra-high temperature and pressure resistant testing and completion tools, ultra-high temperature resistant and low damage acid fracturing fluid, digital intelligent drilling and completion equipment and technology, so as to accelerate the breakthrough and iterative upgrade in key technologies and equipment, support and safeguard the efficient exploration and development of deep and ultra deep oil and gas resources.

Key words: deep and ultra-deep oil and gas, drilling and completion, key technologies, development status, development direction

摘要： 深层—超深层油气资源是中国油气增储上产的重要接替资源，实现深井、超深井安全优快钻完井对于深层—超深层油气资源效益开发具有重要意义。通过回顾中国深井、超深井发展历程，梳理对比深井、超深井钻完井技术发展现状、关键技术进展及应用效果，结合面临的主要问题指出了下一步的发展方向。通过对比全球及中国深井、超深井钻完井关键钻井装备、井身结构优化与拓展、钻井提速、钻井液、固井、随钻测控技术与装备、试油完井关键技术指标及应用情况，指出抗高温高压、高稳定性是当前存在的主要技术差距。剖析了支撑中国实现陆上8 000 m超深井常态化，钻深能力迈上9 000 m台阶，正向万米挺进的深井自动化钻机、井身结构优化、控压钻井、高效PDC钻头、抗高温超高密度油基钻井液、高效堵漏、高强度韧性水泥浆及自动化固井、抗高温酸压、深层连续管作业机等一批高端装备、尖端工具、核心助剂的最新进展及应用情况。针对超深层超高温、超高压、复杂地应力和多压力系统等给安全高效钻完井带来巨大挑战，提出进一步开展井身结构拓展、抗超高温高压井下工具仪器、超高温井筒工作液、超深高效破岩及提速工具、超高温特高压试油完井工具、超高温低伤害压裂液和酸液体系、数字化智能化钻完井装备与技术等攻关研究，加速关键核心技术的突破与迭代升级，为深层—超深层油气资源高效勘探开发提供支撑与保障。

关键词: 深层—超深层油气, 钻完井, 关键技术, 发展现状, 发展方向