Geological characteristics and exploration prospects of deep coalbed methane enriched in Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb202505002

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 857-874.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202505002

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles

Geological characteristics and exploration prospects of deep coalbed methane enriched in Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin

Hou Yuting¹, Yu Jian¹, Zhang Chunyu², Zhang Daofeng³, Zhang Haifeng⁴, Li Yong^5,6, He Zhitong^5,6, Yang Pu^5,6, Lin Dafei^5,6

1. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
2. CNPC Production & Operation Management Department, Beijing 100007, China;
3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
4. Exploration Department, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
5. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
6. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China

Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2025-01-27 Published:2025-06-10

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组深部煤层气富集地质特征及勘探前景

侯雨庭¹, 喻健¹, 张春雨², 张道锋³, 张海峰⁴, 李勇^5,6, 何智同^5,6, 杨璞^5,6, 林达飞^5,6

1. 中国石油长庆油田公司陕西西安 710018;
2. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司生产经营管理部北京 100007;
3. 中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院陕西西安 710018;
4. 中国石油长庆油田勘探事业部陕西西安 710018;
5. 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室四川成都 610500;
6. 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院四川成都 610500

通讯作者: 侯雨庭,男,1970年12月生,2007年获西北大学硕士学位,现为中国石油长庆油田公司副总地质师、教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质综合研究、油气勘探及油藏评价工作。Email:hyt_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项(2023ZZ18)"深地煤岩气成藏理论与效益开发技术研究"资助。

Abstract

Abstract: A great breakthrough has been made in the exploration and development of coalbed methane in Ordos Basin. To futher clarify the geological regularities governing deep coalbed methane enrichment, a systematic analysis was conducted on the hydrocarbon generation mechanism, hydrocarbon accumulation evolution, lithological assemblages, and differential migration-accumulation characteristics of the No.8 coal seam of Carboniferous Benxi Formation. Moreover, the exploration prospects of coalbed methane and favorable areas for next hydrocarbon exploration were also pointed out. The results show as follows. (1)The No.8 coal seam of Benxi Formation is mainly deposited in swamps covered with mixed vegetation and water, and has been stably developed in the basin. It exhibits the hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics of "high gas generation intensity and long duration", and lays a material foundation for coalbed methane accumulation. (2)Deep coal reservoirs are characterized with dumbbell-shaped pore size distribution, of which the reservoir spaces mainly consist of organic matter pores such as cell tissue pores and bubble pores, as well as a large number of well-developed cleavage-fracture networks. Micropores account for more than 60 % of the total porosity, and the pore size distribution is obviously affected by reservoir maturity. The study has clarified the four-stage evolution mechanism of coal reservoirs. (3)Deep coal reservoirs have abundant gas, with the average gas content of 21.7 m³/t, and the free gas content of 24.48 % on average. The adsorbed gas occurs mainly in micropores, and free gas is stored in macropores and fractures. (4)The lithological assemblages control the three-dimensional differential migration and accumulation of coalbed methane. The coal-mudstone assemblage and the coal-limestone assemblage show good sealing properties, which are conducive to the in-situ retention and enrichment of coalbed methane. On this basis, the paper establishes a deep coalbed methane accumulation mode of "continuous hydrocarbon generation, source-reservoir-accumulation integration, three-dimensional hydrocarbon expulsion, and differential enrichment". Based on the geological characteristics of deep coalbed methane, three favorable exploration areas have been determined in the study area. Additionally, the paper establishes a comprehensive theoretical and technical system encompassing gas enrichment geological theory, geophysical exploration and prediction, full through-type fracture network fracturing technology, and efficient development of geological engineering, which lays a solid foundation for the effective utilization of deep coalbed methane. This understanding is expected to provide significant references for pioneering large-scale exploration and development of deep coalbed methane, promoting exploration breakthroughs in coal reservoirs of other basins in China, and leading the rapid development of the deep coalbed methane industry.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Benxi Formation, deep coalbed methane, enrichment mode, exploration potential

摘要： 鄂尔多斯盆地煤层气勘探开发取得重大突破。为进一步明确深部煤层气富集的地质规律,系统分析了石炭系本溪组8号煤层的生烃演化机理、成储演化过程、岩性组合和差异运聚特征,并指出盆地煤层气勘探前景和下一步勘探的有利区块。研究结果表明:①本溪组8号煤层主要沉积于覆水草木混合沼泽环境,且在盆地内呈稳定发育,具有“生气强度高、持续时间长”的生烃演化特征,为煤层气的成藏奠定了物质基础;②深部煤层具有“哑铃”型的双孔径分布特征,储集空间主要包括细胞组织孔和气泡孔等有机质孔,以及大量发育的割理-裂缝网脉,微孔占比大于60%,孔径分布受成熟度影响明显,明确了煤层的4阶段成储演化规律;③深部煤层的含气量高,平均含气量为21.7 m³/t,游离气含量占比平均可达24.48%,吸附气赋存于微孔中,游离气赋存于宏孔和裂缝中;④岩性组合控制了煤层气呈立体差异运聚,煤岩-泥岩组合和煤岩-灰岩组合的封闭性好,有利于烃类原位滞留富集形成煤层气,并据此建立了“持续生烃、源-储-聚一体、立体排烃、差异富集”的深部煤层气富集成藏模式。依据煤层气的地质特征,划分了3大类有利勘探区,形成了深部煤层气富集地质理论、地球物理勘探预测、“贯通式”缝网全域支撑压裂技术和高效开发的地质—工程一体化理论技术体系,为深部煤层气的效益动用奠定了坚实基础。该认识以期对开创深部煤层气勘探开发大场面、推动中国其他盆地深部煤层气的勘探突破以及引领深部煤层气产业快速发展具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯盆地, 本溪组, 深部煤层气, 富集模式, 勘探潜力

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Hou Yuting, Yu Jian, Zhang Chunyu, Zhang Daofeng, Zhang Haifeng, Li Yong, He Zhitong, Yang Pu, Lin Dafei. Geological characteristics and exploration prospects of deep coalbed methane enriched in Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(5): 857-874.

侯雨庭, 喻健, 张春雨, 张道锋, 张海峰, 李勇, 何智同, 杨璞, 林达飞. 鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组深部煤层气富集地质特征及勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(5): 857-874.

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Geological characteristics and exploration prospects of deep coalbed methane enriched in Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组深部煤层气富集地质特征及勘探前景

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