Abstract: In the study of enhanced oil recovery (EOR)in reservoirs, conventional simulation methods typically use core flooding techniques as evaluation tools. However, the inability to directly observe the internal flow process within the core makes it difficult to clarify the microscopic oil displacement characteristics at the pore scale, thereby limiting the in-depth investigation of the mechanism of efficient reservoir exploitation. This paper reviews the current flow visualization technologies for investigating microscopic mechanisms in reservoirs, and elaborates on the fabrication methods and application scopes of various models. The quartz-glass microscopic flow model, which enables micron-scale pore simulation and possesses the advantages of high-temperature and high-pressure resistance, has become the preferred method for visualizing microscopic flow in reservoirs. Additionally, the paper summarizes the applications of the model in various types of tertiary oil recovery technologies, such as gas flooding and chemical flooding tertiary oil recovery. To simulate real reservoir environments and meet the demands for studying the micro- and nano-scale flow mechanisms of oil reservoirs, future improvements in the quartz-glass microscopic flow model are proposed from three perspectives:external coordination and configuration, in-situ pore wall property restoration (including clay minerals and wettability), and dual upgrades in terms of scale and dimension.

Key words: enhanced oil recovery, microscopic oil displacement mechanism, visualization technology, flow model, tertiary oil recovery

摘要： 在研究油藏提高采收率过程中,常规模拟方法采用岩心驱油技术作为评估手段,但因无法直接观察岩心内部的渗流过程,难以厘清孔隙尺度微观驱油特征,影响了油藏高效开发机理的深入研究。根据目前应用在油藏微观机理研究领域的渗流可视化技术,详细综述了各类模型的制作方法和应用范围。石英玻璃微观渗流模型具备微米级孔隙模拟和耐高温抗高压的优点,已成为油藏微观渗流领域可视化模拟的首选方法。其次,总结了微观渗流可视化技术在气驱三次采油技术、化学驱三次采油技术和其他三次采油技术中的应用。为了模拟储层的真实环境和满足油藏微纳米尺度渗流机理研究的需求,分别从外部协调配置、原位孔隙壁面属性还原(黏土矿物和润湿性)及尺度维度双重升级3个方面对石英玻璃微观渗流模型提出了改进方向。

关键词: 提高采收率, 微观驱油机理, 可视化技术, 渗流模型, 三次采油