Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site

doi:10.7623/syxb202509009

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1764-1775.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202509009

• OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT • Previous Articles

Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site

Mu Lijun^1,2, Qi Yin^2,3, Chen Wenbin^2,3, Xu Rongli^2,3, Bai Jie^2,3, Tu Zhiyong^2,3, Ye Kai^2,4

1. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
3. Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
4. Changqing Downhole Operations Company, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China

Received:2024-12-27 Revised:2025-06-18 Published:2025-10-11

庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场岩心裂缝及支撑剂分布特征

慕立俊^1,2, 齐银^2,3, 陈文斌^2,3, 徐荣利^2,3, 拜杰^2,3, 涂志勇^2,3, 叶凯^2,4

1. 中国石油长庆油田公司陕西西安 710018;
2. 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室陕西西安 710018;
3. 中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院陕西西安 710018;
4. 中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司陕西西安 710018

通讯作者: 徐荣利,男,1998年6月生,2022年获中国石油大学(华东)石油与天然气工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油长庆油田公司油气工艺研究院工程师,主要从事致密油、页岩油储层改造技术研究与现场试验工作。Email:xurongli_cq@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:慕立俊,男,1969年7月生,2011年获西安交通大学材料科学与工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油长庆油田公司储层改造首席专家、正高级工程师,主要从事低渗、非常规油藏开发研究和技术管理工作。Email:mulj_cq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项"鄂尔多斯盆地致密油开发示范工程"(2017ZX05069)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目"非常规储层改造关键技术研究"(2023ZZ28YJ04)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoir is currently challenged by limited understanding of the spatial configuration of fracture networks and the effectiveness of proppant placement. To address these issues, Changqing oilfield has taken the lead in establishing the Qingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site (HFTS), the first of its kind in China. This study outlines the coring procedure and develops a set of criteria for fracture characterization based on fracture surface morphology. Fractures are primarily categorized into bedding fractures, structural fractures, hydraulic fractures, and drilling-induced fractures. Two approaches are proposed for proppant identification, i.e., analyzing drilling cuttings for the presence of proppant during the mud logging stage, and identifying proppant residues or imprints on fracture surfaces during core observation. A total of 661 meters of cores were retrieved from HFTS, revealing 767 fractures, of which 326 were identified as being hydraulically induced. A total of 27 pieces of proppant residues or imprints were observed on fracture surfaces, and proppant particles were commonly detected in the drilling cuttings. In terms of spatial distribution, hydraulic fractures exhibit the half-lengths of up to 220 meters and heights reaching 66.6 meters. Proppant was detected within induced fractures in the coring well located as far as 175 meters from the fractured well and up to 49.3 meters in height; however, the overall proppant concentration remained relatively low. Fractures predominantly display parallel, banded, and clustered spatial patterns, characterized by relatively low complexity and insufficient reservoir coverage.

Key words: Qingcheng shale oil, hydraulic fracturing test site, fracture core sampling, fracture identification in hydraulic fracturing, proppant distribution

摘要： 目前非常规储层水力压裂存在压裂缝网空间展布形态与裂缝支撑程度不明确的问题,为此长庆油田率先开辟了庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场(HFTS)项目。对取心流程进行了分析,并根据各类裂缝缝面特征,建立了裂缝性质判识标准,主要分为层理缝、构造缝、人工压裂裂缝、诱导裂缝等。提供了两种识别支撑剂的途径:一是岩屑录井阶段对岩屑中的支撑剂识别;二是岩心观察期间识别裂缝壁面的支撑剂。HFTS共取心661 m,发现裂缝767条,其中人工裂缝326条,岩心壁面的染色支撑剂薄层或嵌痕数量为27条,录井岩屑中支撑剂普遍存在。从裂缝空间展布方面看,水力裂缝半长可达220 m,裂缝高度可达66.6 m,同时在距离压裂井175 m处以及缝高方向49.3 m的范围内的取心井人工裂缝中观察到支撑剂,但整体上铺置浓度较低。裂缝主要呈条带状平行状、集群式分布,裂缝复杂程度不高,对储层覆盖程度不足。

关键词: 庆城页岩油, 水力压裂试验场, 压裂取心, 压裂裂缝识别, 支撑剂分布

CLC Number:

TE357

Mu Lijun, Qi Yin, Chen Wenbin, Xu Rongli, Bai Jie, Tu Zhiyong, Ye Kai. Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775.

慕立俊, 齐银, 陈文斌, 徐荣利, 拜杰, 涂志勇, 叶凯. 庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场岩心裂缝及支撑剂分布特征[J]. 石油学报, 2025, 46(9): 1764-1775.

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Distribution characteristics of core fractures and proppants at the Q ingcheng shale oil hydraulic fracturing test site

庆城页岩油水力压裂试验场岩心裂缝及支撑剂分布特征

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