Abstract: The oil production engineering focuses on establishing and maintaining hydrocarbon extraction systems, whose application spans the entire life cycle of oil and gas field development, and serves as a bridge connecting the surface facilities and downhole operations. With the intensified development of high-water-cut mature oil fields and the large-scale exploitation of unconventional and deep oil and gas resources, the wellbore measurement and control technology is increasingly crucial for understanding production performance and reservoir occurrence state; wellbore communication technique is a core component of this technology. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the development history and recent advancements of the wellbore communication technology applied worldwide, including cable communication, optical fiber communication, acoustic wave communication, fluid wave communication, and electromagnetic wave communication. On this basis, it elaborates on the theoretical basis, technical connotation, construction characteristics, applicable scenarios, and advantages of different communication technniques, and summarizes their shortcomings and urgent challenges. Moreover, the prospects for future development and application innovation in wellbore communication for layered water injection are discussed, including the establishment of intelligent injection production well networks and protocol standards.

Key words: wellbore communication, layered water injection, cable communication, optical fiber communication, wireless communication

摘要： 采油工程的核心任务是建立和维护油气开采,其应用贯穿油气田开发全生命周期,是连接地面和井下的桥梁。伴随着高含水老油田开发不断深入,非常规与深层油气资源的规模开采,井筒测控技术对生产动态和储层赋存状态的认识尤为重要,井筒通讯是井筒测控技术的核心环节。通过系统梳理分析国内外近年来井筒通讯技术发展历程和动态,包括电缆通讯、光纤通讯、声波通讯、流体波通讯和电磁波通讯,对各通讯技术的理论基础、技术内涵、施工特点、适用场景及优势进行了详细阐述,并总结了不同通讯技术的不足和亟需解决的挑战,进一步展望了未来分层注水井筒通讯技术的发展和应用创新方向,包括建立智能化注采井网、设立协议标准等相关内容的应用前景。

关键词: 井筒通讯, 分层注水, 电缆通讯, 光纤通讯, 无线通讯