Abstract: Source rock oil and gas represent a strategic succession field for ensuring global oil and gas supply and national energy security. This paper systematically reviews the geological resource conditions, hydrocarbon exploration and development progress, and key theoretical insights regarding multi-series and multi-type source rock oil and gas in Ordos Basin, while providing targeted analyses of the challenges and technical countermeasures. The research results show as follows. (1) The Carboniferous-Permian coal-rock gas in Ordos Basin exhibits geological characteristics of dual primary coal seams (the No. 8 coal of Benxi Formation and the No.5 coal of Shanxi Formation), abundant free gas in dual pore-fracture storage systems (organic pores and cleats), and a dual source-cap assemblage (coal-limestone type and coal-mudstone type) with the top-seal gas zones enriched in the eastern part of the basin. Theoretical research on coal-measure sedimentary evolution, dynamic hydrocarbon-gas transformation, and multiphase seepage mechanisms should be strengthened. (2) In the Member 7 of Triassic Yanchang Formation, continental shale oil is characterized by large-scale continuous distribution, oil-bearing micro-nano meter pore-fracture networks, and integrated source-reservoir systems. Research efforts should be strengthened in key areas such as box-type dynamic accumulation, "sweet spot body" prediction in heterogeneous reservoirs, and enhanced oil recovery. (3) The Carboniferous-Permian marine-continental transitional shale gas exhibits significant resource potential. The shale formation in the Jinci Member of the upper part of Benxi Formation can serve as a priority breakthrough section, and that in the middle-lower part of Shanxi Formation represent an important section for three-dimensional natural gas exploration. In addition, the Ordovician Wulalike Formation marine shale oil and gas and the Jurassic coal-rock oil and gas also demonstrate large-scale resource potential, and research priorities should focus on preliminary studies such as "sweet spot" zone/interval evaluation and economic assessment of hydrocarbon content. (4) Using in-situ conversion and underground gasification technologies, the low-maturity organic-rich shale of the Member 7 of Yanchang Formation and the Jurassic low-rank coal in the basin can be upgraded into strategic oil and gas resources. Increased efforts should focus on pivotal technical trials in efficient thermal control, catalytic cracking enhancement, and economic balancing. Source rock oil and gas are becoming a new engine driving the secondary growth of oil and gas production in Ordos Basin, and their coordinated development with underground and aboveground resources and energy will inevitably spearhead the construction of source rock petroleum geology and carbon-neutral energy super basin.

Key words: source rock oil and gas, continental shale oil, coal-measure coalbed methane, coal-rock gas, marine-continental transitional shale gas, marine shale oil and gas, sweet reservoir body, man-made hydrocarbon reservoir

摘要： 源岩油气是保障全球油气供应和国家油气安全的战略接替领域。系统梳理了鄂尔多斯盆地多层系、多类型源岩油气的地质资源情况、勘探开发进展和主要理论认识,并针对性地剖析了面临的主要挑战与技术对策。研究结果表明:1鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤岩气兼具双主力煤层(本溪组8号煤和山西组5号煤)资源丰度高、双孔/缝储集系统(有机孔和割理)游离气丰富、双源-盖组合(煤岩-灰岩型和煤岩-泥岩型)顶封层气区在盆地东部富集的地质特征,需加强煤系沉积演变、烃类气体动态转化、多相渗流机理等理论研究。2三叠系延长组7段(长7段)陆相页岩层系石油具有大面积连续分布、微米—纳米孔/缝网络含油、源-储一体紧密共生的基本特征,需加强箱式动态聚集、非均质储层“甜点体”预测、提高采收率等攻关研究。3石炭系—二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气资源潜力大,本溪组上部晋祠段页岩可作为优先突破层段,山西组中—下部页岩层系可作为天然气立体勘探的重要层段;此外,奥陶系乌拉力克组海相页岩油气、侏罗系煤岩油气等也展现出规模资源潜力,其攻关方向应集中在“甜点”区段评价、含油气量效益评估等前期研究。4借助原位转化和地下气化技术,可将盆地内长7段低成熟富有机质页岩和侏罗系低阶煤岩提升为战略性油气资源,需加强高效热控制、催化裂解增效、经济性平衡等关键技术试验。源岩油气正成为推动鄂尔多斯盆地油气二次增长的新引擎,与地下地上多种资源能源协同立体开发,必将共同推进源岩油气学科和碳中和超级能源盆地建设。

关键词: 源岩油气地质学, 陆相页岩层系石油, 煤系煤层气, 煤岩气, 海陆过渡相页岩气, 海相页岩油气, 储集甜点体, 人工油气藏