Characters and formation mechanism of unsteady reservoirs in Tarim Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb201206027

Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1103-1112.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201206027

• Academic Forum • Previous Articles

Characters and formation mechanism of unsteady reservoirs in Tarim Basin

YANG Haijun 1 SUN Longde 2 ZHU Guangyou 1 XIAO Zhongyao 1

Received:2012-05-19 Revised:2012-08-20 Online:2012-11-25 Published:2012-12-07

塔里木盆地非稳态油藏特征与形成机制

杨海军 1 孙龙德 2 朱光有 1 肖中尧 1

1. 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院库尔勒 841000; 2. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司北京 100007

通讯作者: 杨海军
作者简介:杨海军，男，1970年12月生，1992年毕业于石油大学（华东），2008年获中国地质大学（武汉）博士学位，现为中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院院长、高级工程师，主要从事油气勘探与地质研究工作。
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技研究项目“油气勘探新领域、新理论、新方法研究”（2009A-0611）和国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目“中国西部典型叠合盆地油气成藏机制与分布规律”（2006CB202307）资助。

Abstract

Abstract:

The superimposed Tarim Basin has experienced a long evolutionary history, including multi-stage subsidence, uplift, hydrocarbon-accumulation and adjustment processes, thus, a variety of reservoir types with complex gas-water contact were formed. By systematically summarizing geological features of oil-gas reservoirs in the basin, we discovered that some of the oil reservoirs are characterized by imbalance of oil-water contact(OWC), gradational changes in the plane distribution of physicochemical properties and oil saturation, and discordant locations of the major reservoir body and trap center, indicating a dynamic aggregation or adjustment process that these reservoirs are currently experiencing, consequently a concept of ‘unsteady reservoir’ was proposed. An unsteady reservoir is formed under rapidly tectonic movement, during which the reservoir heterogeneity or other factors may result in the stabilization of the reservoir lagging behind the trap’s adjustment and the uniform oil-water contact uncompleted. We classified unsteady reservoirs according to the formation mechanism, formation process, types of oil-water contact and accumulation patterns. It was proposed that the study of unsteady reservoirs should focus on integrating static and dynamic geological dissections, synthetically applying geological and geochemical methods, combining physical modeling with numerical simulation, quantitatively assessing paleo- and present-OWC migration and variation, and precisely restoring the evolutionary process of traps so as to reproduce the formation process of unsteady reservoirs and effectively predict their distribution.

Key words: unsteady reservoir, oil-water contact, reservoir type, adjustment reconstruction, Tarim Basin

摘要：

塔里木叠合盆地地质演化历史漫长，经历了多期次的构造沉降、隆升和多期次油气成藏与调整过程，形成了多种类型的油气藏。通过系统研究海相油藏的地质特征，发现一些油藏的油水界面呈现不平衡性、油气物理化学性质和含油饱和度等平面分布具有渐变性、油藏主体与圈闭中心具有非协调性，反映出这类油藏可能正处于动态聚集或调整过程中，进而提出非稳态油藏的概念。非稳态油藏的形成是由于地质构造的变动、储层非均质性或其他因素，导致油藏的稳定滞后于圈闭的调整，致使油藏尚未形成统一的油水界面。按照其形成机制、形成过程以及油水界面类型、成藏模式等，对非稳态油藏进行了分类。提出非稳态油藏的研究以动静态相结合的地质解剖为主，综合运用地质与地球化学手段，结合物理模拟和数值模拟，定量评价古今油水界面的迁移和变化，精细恢复圈闭的演化过程，再现非稳态油藏的形成过程，可实现对非稳态油藏分布的有效预测。

关键词: 非稳态油藏, 油水界面, 油藏类型, 调整改造, 塔里木盆地

YANG Haijun SUN Longde ZHU Guangyou XIAO Zhongyao . Characters and formation mechanism of unsteady reservoirs in Tarim Basin[J]. Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2012, 33(6): 1103-1112.

杨海军孙龙德朱光有肖中尧 . 塔里木盆地非稳态油藏特征与形成机制[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(6): 1103-1112.

References

[1] 孙龙德,江同文,徐汉林,等.非稳态成藏理论探索与实践[J].海相油气地质,2008,13(3):11-16.

Sun Longde,Jiang Tongwen,Xu Hanlin,et al.Exploration and practice for theory of unsteady-state hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2008,13(3):11-16.

[2] 孙龙德,江同文,徐汉林,等.塔里木盆地哈得逊油田非稳态油藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):62-67.

Sun Longde,Jiang Tongwen,Xu Hanlin,et al.Unsteady reservoir in Hadson oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):62-67.

[3] Gussow W C.Differential entrapment of oil and gas:a fundamental principle[J].AAPG Bulletion,1954,38(5):816-853.

[4] Schowalter T T.Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment[J].AAPG Bulletin.1979,63(5):723-760.

[5] 徐汉林,江同文,顾乔元,等.塔里木盆地哈得逊油田成藏研究探讨[J].西南石油大学学报：自然科学版,2008,30(5):17-21.

Xu Hanlin,Jiang Tongwen,Gu Qiaoyuan,et al.Probe into hydrocarbon accumulations in the Hadson oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2008,30(5):17-21.

[6] Abdrakhmatov K Y,Aldazhanov S A,Hager B H,et al.Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates[J].Nature,1996,384:450-453.

[7] 王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,等.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动[J].科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547.

Wang Qi,Ding Guoyu,Qiao Xuejun,et al.Recent rapid shortening of crust across the Tianshan Mts.and relative motion of tectonic blocks in the north and south[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45 (21):1995-1999.

[8] 张水昌,张宝民,李本亮,等.中国海相盆地跨重大构造期油气成藏历史--以塔里木盆地为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):1-15.

Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Baomin,Li Benliang,et al.History of hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases in marine sedimentary basins of China:taking the Tarim Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(1):1-15.

[9] Zhang Shuichang,Liang Digang,Zhu Guangyou,et al.Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007,52(suppl):28-43.

[10] 王飞宇,张水昌,梁狄刚.塔中4油田油气水界面的变迁与成藏期[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):560-562.

Wang Feiyu,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Digang.Evolvement of oil-gas-water contact and timing of petroleum accumulation in Tazhong-4 field,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(5):560-562.

[11] 单家增，张宝收，金健，等.哈得逊油田后油藏形成过程模拟和形成机理研究[R].北京：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008.

Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Baoshou,Jin Jian,et al.Physical modeling the process of post-oil pools accumulation of Hudson oilfield and its formation mechanism[R].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Science,2008.

[12] Hubbert M K.Entrapment of petroleum under hydrodynamic conditions[J].AAPG Bulletin,1953,37(8):1954-2026.

[13] Dahlberg E C.Applied hydrodynamics in petroleum exploration (second edition)[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1995.

[14] Lerche I,Thomsen R O.Hydrodynamics of oil and gas[M].New York:Plenum Press,1994.

[15] Dahlberg E C.Applied hydrodynamics in petroleum exploration[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1982:1-171.

[16] 胡见义,黄弟藩,徐树宝,等.中国陆相石油地质理论基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991：228-255.

Hu Jianyi,Huang Difan,Xu Shubao,et al.China continental petroleum geology theory[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:228-255.

[17] 张厚福,方朝亮,高先志，等.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.

Zhang Houfu,Fang Chaoliang,Gao Xianzhi,et al.Petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.

[18] 赵文智,何登发,李小地，等.石油地质综合研究导论[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999.

Zhao Wenzhi,He Dengfa,Li Xiaodi,et al.Introduction of comprehensive study on petroleum geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999.

[19] 庞雄奇,金之钧,左胜杰.油气藏动力学成因模式与分类[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):507-514.

Pang Xiongqi,Jin Zhijun,Zuo Shengjie.Dynamics,models and classification of hydrocarbon accumulations[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):507-514.

[20] 李明诚.石油与天然气运移(第三版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.

Li Mingcheng.Oil and gas migration(third edition)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.

[21] 林景晔,林铁锋,施立志.油气藏三元分类方法的探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(3):18-21.

Lin Jingye,Lin Tiefeng,Shi Lizhi.Research on ternary classification of oil and gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(3):18-21.

[22] 朱光有,张水昌,张斌，等.中国中西部地区海相碳酸盐岩油气藏类型与成藏模式[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):871-878.

Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Bin,et al.Reservoir types of marine carbonates and their accumulation model in western and central China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):871-878.

[23] 孙龙德.塔里木盆地轮南地区三叠系油气地质模型及油气预测研究[D].北京：中国科学院博士学位研究生学位论文,2000.

Sun Longde.The research of oil-gas geological model and oil-gas predication in Triassic of Lunnan area,Tarim Basin[D].Beijing:The doctor degree thesis of Chinese Academy of Science,2000.

[24] 孙龙德,周新源,王国林.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):167-178.

Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Guolin.Contributions of petroleum geology and main directions of oil-gas exploration in the Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2005,40(2):167-178.

[25] 杨海军,朱光有,韩剑发,等.塔里木盆地塔中礁滩体大油气成藏条件与成藏机制研究[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1865-1885.

Yang Haijun,Zhu Guangyou,Han Jianfa,et al.Conditions and mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation in large reef-bank karst oil/gas fields of Tazhong area，Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1865-1885.

[26] 张水昌,朱光有,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地北部奥陶系油气相态及其成因分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2447-2460.

Zhang Shuichang,Zhu Guangyou,Yang Haijun,et al.The phases of Ordovician hydrocarbon and their origin in the Tabei uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2447-2460.

[27] 苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,等.原生油藏调整过程的有机地球化学与岩石学证据--由乡3井看哈得逊油田的调整机制[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1886-1898.

Su Jin,Zhang Shuichang,Yang Haijun,et al.Evidence of the organic geochemistry and petrology for the adjustment process of primary reservoir:insight into the adjustment mechanism of Hadexun oil field visa Xiang-3 Well[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1886-1898.

[28] 单家增.塔中4油田油气调整物理模拟及调整机理研究[R].库尔勒：中国石油塔里木油田公司,2011.

Shan Jiazeng.Physical modeling and adjustment mechanism study on the Tazhong 4 oilfield[R].Korla:PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,2011.

[29] 单家增,张占文,孙红军,等.营口-佟二堡断裂带成因机制的构造物理模拟实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):15-17.

Shan Jiazeng,Zhang Zhanwen,Sun Hongjun,et al.Modeling experiments of generation mechanism of Yingkou-Tongerbu fracture zone in the Liaohe depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(1):15-17.

[30] 罗晓容.油气运聚动力学研究进展及存在问题[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):337-346.

Luo Xiaorong.Review of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation dynamics[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):337-346.

[31] 罗晓容，张宝收，赵凤云，等.哈得逊油田古油藏油气调整数值模拟及调整机理研究[R].库尔勒：中国石油塔里木油田公司,2011.

Luo Xiaorong,Zhang Baoshou,Zhao Fengyun,et al.Numerical modeling the process of paleo-oil pools accumulation of Hadexun oilfield and its adjustment mechanism[R].Korla:PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,2011.

[32] 江同文,徐汉林,练章贵,等.倾斜油水界面成因分析与非稳态成藏理论探索[J].西南石油大学学报,2008,30(5):1-5.

Jiang Tongwen,Xu Hanlin,Lian Zhanggui,et al.Origin of tilted oil-water contact and probe into the theory of unsteady hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2008,30(5):1-5.

Characters and formation mechanism of unsteady reservoirs in Tarim Basin

塔里木盆地非稳态油藏特征与形成机制

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Liao Wenhao, Zeng Jianhui, Han Jun, Wang Xin, Huang Cheng, Liu Yazhou, Zhu Lianhua. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and quantitative evaluation of main controlling factors for hydrocarbon enrichment in secondary fault zone between major strike-slip faults in Shunbei area [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(5): 1024-1044.
[2]	Wang Xinxin, Xia Weijie, Kang Tingting, Wang Bin, Wang Ping, Yang Liangang, Shi Minghui, Chen Xinzhe, Peng Zijun. Seismic sequence architecture and evolution characteristics of the Cambrian-Ordovician strata in Lunnan-Fuman platform margin of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(4): 814-830.
[3]	Yin Chengming, Xu Darong, Liu Lihong, Cheng Minghua, Bai Zhongkai, Zhang Yuanyin, Li Qingyao, Liu Yalei, Miao Miaoqing, Tian Ya, Wu Jianwei. Significant discovery of subsalt Cambrian hydrocarbons in Keping uplift of the northwestern Tarim Basin and its exploration implications [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(3): 538-553.
[4]	Guan Shuwei, Yang Wei, Cheng Minghua, Zhao Bo, Ma Peiling, Han Changwei, Zhou Hui, Ma Debo. A “Kaijiang-Liangping trough” type intra-platform sag in the southwestern slope of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(3): 554-567.
[5]	Yu Miao, Gao Gang, Liang Hui, Ma Qiang, Li Yanan, Zhang Wei, Fan Keting, Yang Yizhuo, Kang Jilun, Xu Xiongfei, He Changsong. Source rock characteristics,as well as reservoir types and accumulation models of the Whole Petroleum System in Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(7): 1385-1399.
[6]	Yun Lu, Cao Zicheng, Tang Daqing, Wang Yang, Geng Feng, Sha Xuguang, Jiang Zhongzheng, Wang Shuli. Segmented differential activity of Hetianhe strike-slip fault zone and its reservoir-controlling effect in southwest Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(5): 875-890.
[7]	Yun Lu, Cao Zicheng, Liu Xianghua, Ren Wenbo, Wang Long, Han Jun, Cao Fei, Chen Jingping, Chen Xiuping. Practices of geological and engineering integration of ultra-deep and ultra-long displacement wells in the "Shendi-1" ultra-deep zone of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(3): 609-620.
[8]	Yang Haijun, Sun Di, Qiu Bin, Luo Qiang, Liu Wen, Xia Jinkai, Cui Deyu. Breakthrough and significance of Permian oil and gas exploration in Well Duwa1 of Kedong structural belt in the southwestern piedmont of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 2013-2033.
[9]	Wang Qinghua, Jin Wudi, Zhang Ronghu, Yang Haijun, Xu Zhenping, Yang Xianzhang, Zhang Liang, Yu Chaofeng. New fields and resource potential of tight sandstone oil and gas in Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 89-103.
[10]	Zhu Yongjin, Zheng Jianfeng, Yu Guang, Chen Yongquan, Kang Tingting, Zhang You, Chen Sheng, Xiong Ran, Han Changwei. Sequence architecture,sedimentary evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the large Cambrian platform margin in Lunnan-Gucheng area of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(7): 1061-1077.
[11]	Huang Yahao, Wang Rujun, Wen Zhigang, Zhang Yintao, Cui Shiti, Li Mengqin, Wang Peng, He Taohua. Hydrocarbon accumulation process of the deep to ultra deep reservoirs in Fuman oilfield,Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 947-960.
[12]	Shang Haojie, Chen Shuyang, He Yunfeng, Wang Lixin, Yin Yanshu, Xie Pengfei. Structural characterization and 3D geological modeling of fault-controlled fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs:a case study of Shunbei No. 4 fault zone [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(11): 1662-1679.
[13]	Wang Qinghua, Xu Zhenping, Zhang Ronghu, Yang Haijun, Yang Xianzhang. New fields, new types of hydrocarbon explorations and their resource potentials in Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 15-32.
[14]	Guo Qiulin, Huang Shaoying, Lu Yuhong, Wang Jian, Wu Xiaozhi, Chen Ningsheng. Modeling and resource distribution prediction of the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in platform area of Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(9): 1459-1471.
[15]	Chen Lixin, Jia Chengzao, Jiang Zhenxue, Su Zhou, Yang Meichun, Yang Bo, Qiu Chen. Oil enrichment model and main controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang area, Tarim Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(6): 948-961.