Reservoir geology and exploration theories of large gas fields in China

doi:10.7623/syxb2013S1001

Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (增刊一): 1-13.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2013S1001

• Petroleum Exploration • Next Articles

Reservoir geology and exploration theories of large gas fields in China

WEI Guoqi, LI Jian, XIE Zengye, YANG Wei, WANG Dongliang, ZHAO Zehui

Langfang Branch, PetroChina Research Institute of Exploration and Development; CNPC Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development, Langfang 065007, China

Received:2013-03-26 Revised:2013-07-01 Online:2013-09-25 Published:2013-09-15

中国大气田成藏地质特征与勘探理论

魏国齐, 李剑, 谢增业, 杨威, 王东良, 赵泽辉

中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院中国石油天然气集团公司天然气成藏与开发重点实验室河北廊坊 065007

通讯作者: 魏国齐
作者简介:魏国齐,男,1964年9月生,1986年毕业于江汉石油学院,2000年获南京大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院副院长兼总地质师、教授级高级工程师、博士生导师、中国石油天然气集团公司高级技术专家,长期从事天然气地质研究工作。Email:weigq@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05007)资助

Abstract

Abstract:

By the end of 2010, China had discovered 45 large gas fields (LGFs) with the accumulative natural gas proved reserves of 6.28×10¹²m³, i.e., 83.8% of the nation's total proved natural gas reserves. These LGFs are mainly located in three large cratonic basins, including Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim Basin. Stratigraphically, gas reservoirs in the LGFs are largely distributed in the Permian and Triassic formations. Regarding the lithologic nature, the reservoir formations mainly consist of clastic rocks followed by carbonate and volcanic rocks, in which 64.9% , 27.9% , and 7.2% of the total reserves of LGFs are respectively found. The reservoirs are dominated by lithologic type and complex type, which account for 40.1% and 34.2% of the total reserves of LGFs, respectively. The reserves abundance of gas reservoirs is classified into high and low levels, and these two levels of reservoirs respectively contribute 31.8% and 52.4% to the total reserves of LGFs. The level of reserves abundance is related to the types of reservoir rock and gas reservoir. In the LGFs, reservoir pressure mainly occurs at the level of normal pressure. The formation of abnormal pressure in different types of reservoir is associated with their respective unique factors. The discovery of LGFs and rapid growth of gas reserves are dependent on new progress in understanding the geological theories of reservoir formation. Large-scale tectonic setting, sufficient source rocks, favorable transporting channels, large-scale heterogeneous reservoirs, and thick gypsum-salt and mudstone caprocks are the most important elements whose effective spatiotemporal configurations play a decisive role in the development of LGFs. Through the analysis of the formation conditions and major controlling factors of typical gas reservoirs, this study establishes the accumulation modes and clarifies the distribution patterns of five classes of LGFs (large-area low permeability-tight sandstone LGF, conventional sandstone ultrahigh-pressure LGF, unconsolidated sandstone biogas LGF, carbonate LGF, and volcanic LGF), further deepening the theories of natural gas exploration in four major fields. 1) A theory of proximal, highly-efficient gas accumulation is developed for exploration of low-permeability-tight sandstone LGF, which promotes the rapid growth of natural gas reserves from reservoirs in Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin and Xujiahe Formation, middle Sichuan Basin. 2) A theory of crude oil cracking in large-scale paleoreservoirs is established for carbonate karst LGF, which leads to a breakthrough in exploration of Well Gaoshi-1 and promotes the exploitation of Sinian-Lower Paleozoic LGFs in Sichuan Basin. 3) A theory for exploration of carbonate platform margin reef-bank gas reservoir is deepened, which effectively guides the main exploration assessment of Longgang gas field and the extension of gas exploration to its west and east, as well as risk-taking gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. 4) A theory with hydrocarbon-generating fault trough as basic unit is proposed for exploration of volcanic gas reservoirs, which helps to achieve a series of breakthroughs in exploration of medium-small faulted volcanic gas reservoirs in deep Songliao Basin.

Key words: large gas field, natural gas, reservoir geology, major controlling factor, accumulation mode, exploration theories, China

摘要：

截至2010年底,中国已发现45个大气田,累计探明天然气地质储量6.28×10¹²m³,占全国总探明天然气储量的83.8%。中国大气田主要分布在鄂尔多斯、四川和塔里木三大克拉通盆地,层系上主要分布在二叠系和三叠系。大气田储集层岩性主要为碎屑岩类,其储量占大气田总量的64.9% ;其次是碳酸盐岩类,占27.9% ;火山岩类占7.2%。气藏类型以岩性型和复合型为主,分别占大气田总量的40.1% 和34.2%。储量丰度主要为高、低储量丰度特征,低丰度气藏储量占52.4% ,高丰度气藏储量占31.8% ,储量丰度的高低与储集岩类型和气藏类型有关。大气田气藏压力以常压为主,不同类型气藏异常压力的形成与其独特因素有关。大气田发现及储量快速增长与成藏地质理论认识的进展密切相关。大型构造背景、充足的烃源条件、良好的输导通道、大型非均质性储集层以及巨厚膏盐岩和泥岩盖层是大气田形成的重要条件,各种要素的时空有效配置是形成大气田的关键。研究了典型气藏的形成条件与主控因素,建立了5类大气田(大面积低渗—致密砂岩大气田、常规砂岩超高压大气田、疏松砂岩生物气大气田、碳酸盐岩大气田、火山岩大气田)的成藏模式,明确了分布规律,深化了四大领域的天然气勘探理论:1发展了近源高效聚集的低渗—致密砂岩气藏勘探理论,推动了苏里格、川中须家河组气藏天然气储量快速增长;2创立了大型古油藏原油裂解的碳酸盐岩岩溶储层大气田勘探理论,引领了高石1井的重大突破和四川盆地震旦系—下古生界大气田勘探;3深化了碳酸盐岩台缘礁滩气藏勘探理论,有效指导了龙岗气田主体评价勘探与向西向东扩展以及四川盆地的天然气风险勘探;4创立了以生烃断槽为基本单元的火山岩气藏勘探理论,指导实现了松辽盆地深层中小断陷火山岩气藏勘探的系列突破。

关键词: 大气田, 天然气, 地质特征, 主控因素, 成藏模式, 勘探理论, 中国

CLC Number:

TE112

WEI Guoqi, LI Jian, XIE Zengye, YANG Wei, WANG Dongliang, ZHAO Zehui. Reservoir geology and exploration theories of large gas fields in China[J]. Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2013, 34(增刊一): 1-13.

魏国齐, 李剑, 谢增业, 杨威, 王东良, 赵泽辉. 中国大气田成藏地质特征与勘探理论[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(增刊一): 1-13.

References

[1] 康竹林,傅诚德,崔淑芬,等.中国大中型气田概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.Kang Zhulin,Fu Chengde,Cui Shufen,et al.An introduction to China's large and medium gas fields[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000.
[2] 李剑,罗霞,单秀琴,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):54-59. Li Jian,Luo Xia,Shan Xiuqin,et al.Natural gas accumulation in the Upper Paleozoic of Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):54-59.
[3] 郝国丽,柳广弟,谢增业,等.川中—川南地区上三叠统须家河组气藏异常压力分布及成因[J].世界地质,2010,29(2):298-304. Hao Guoli,Liu Guangdi,Xie Zengye,et al.Distribution and origin of abnormal pressure in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation reservoir in central and southern Sichuan[J].Global Geology,2010,29(2):298-304.
[4] 马德文,邱楠生,谢增业,等.川中地区上三叠统须家河组气田异常高压演化研究[J].沉积学报,2011,29(5):953-961. Ma Dewen,Qiu Nansheng,Xie Zengye,et al.Analysis on evolution of abnormal high formation pressure in gas fields of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(5):953-961.
[5] 符晓,邓少云.川西新场气田中、浅层气藏特征及立体勘探开发的技术思路[J].天然气工业,1997,17(3):14-19. Fu Xiao,Deng Shaoyun.Middle and shallow gas reservoir characteristics of Xinchang gas field in west Sichuan and stereo-exploration and stereo-development technical thinking[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(3):14-19.
[6] 徐士林,吕修祥,杨明慧,等.库车坳陷膏盐岩对异常高压保存的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,19(4):5-8. Xu Shilin,Lü Xiuxiang,Yang Minghui,et al.Controlling effect of gypsum and salt rocks on abnormally high pressure in Kuche depression[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2004,19(4):5-8.
[7] 张凤奇,王震亮,赵雪娇,等.库车坳陷迪那2气田异常高压成因机制及其与油气成藏的关系[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):739-747. Zhang Fengqi,Wang Zhenliang,Zhao Xuejiao,et al.Genetic mechanism of overpressure and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in Dina-2 gasfield,Kuqa depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(5):739-747.
[8] 朱玉新,邵新军,杨思玉,等.克拉2气田异常高压特征及成因[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(4):9-13. Zhu Yuxin,Shao Xinjun,Yang Siyu,et al.Character and origin of overpressure in Kela 2 gas field[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2000,22(4):9-13.
[9] 何自新,郑聪斌,王彩丽,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之二鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田的发现与勘探[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):37-44. He Zixin,Zheng Congbin,Wang Caili,et al.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (Part 2):Jingbian gas field,Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):37-44.
[10] 杜尚明.威远构造与震旦系油气勘探[J].勘探家,1996,1(2):46-47. Du Shangming.Weiyuan structure and Sinian hydrocarbon exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,1996,1(2):46-47.
[11] 陈宗清.川东天东地区石炭系天然气富集因素[J].沉积学报,1995,13(增刊):102-108. Chen Zongqing.Enriching factors of carboniferous gas in Tiandong region,east Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1995,13(Supplement):102-108.
[12] 沈平,徐仁芬,李宗银.川东五百梯气田成藏条件及高效勘探经验[J].天然气工业,1998,18(6):5-9. Shen Ping,Xu Renfen,Li Zongyin.Reservoir formation conditions of Wubaiti gas field in east Sichuan and its efficient exploration experiences[J].Natural Gas Industry,1998,18(6):5-9.
[13] 周新源杨海军李勇,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之七塔里木盆地和田河气田的勘探与发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(3):55-62. Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,Li Yong,et al.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (Part 7):Hotanhe gas field in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(3):55-62.
[14] 沈平,赵佐安,曾云贤,等.川东北部飞仙关组鲕滩气藏的发现及气藏特征[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1):1-5. Shen Ping,Zhao Zuo'an,Zeng Yunxiang,et al.Discovery of oolitic shoal reservoirs in Feixianguan Formation and the characteristics at northwest Sichuan[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(1):1-5.
[15] Levorsen A I.The obscure and subtle trap[J].AAPG Bulletin,1964,48(5):141-156.
[16] 胡见义,徐树宝.非构造油气藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986. Hu Jianyi,Xu Shubao.Non-structural reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1986.
[17] 贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏地质理论与勘探技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):257-272.Jia Chenzao,Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,et al.Geological theory and exploration technology for lithostratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(3):257-272.
[18] 冉隆辉,陈更生,徐仁芬.中国海相油气田勘探实例之一:四川盆地罗家寨大型气田的发现和探明[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):43-47. Ran Longhui,Chen Gengsheng,Xu Renfeng.Discovery and exploration of Luojiazhai gas field,Sichuan Basin [J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(1):43-47.
[19] 马永生.四川盆地普光超大型气田的形成机制[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):9-14. Ma Yongsheng.Generation mechanism of Puguang gas field in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):9-14.
[20] 周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之五塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(1):45-51. Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,Yang Haijun,et al.Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China (Part 5):Tazhong Ordovician condensate field in Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(1):45-51.
[21] 贾承造,周新源,王招明,等.克拉2气田的发现及勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(1):79-88. Jia Chenzao,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,et al.Discovery of Kela-2 gas field and exploration technology[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2002,7(1):79-88.
[22] Schmoker J W.U.S.geological survey assessment concepts for continuous petroleum accumulations[J].U.S.Geological Survey,2005,1:1-9.
[23] 邹才能,陶士振,袁选俊,等.连续型油气藏形成条件与分布特征[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):324-331.Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.The formation conditions and distribution characteristics of continuous petroleum accumulations[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):324-331.
[24] 邹才能,陶士振,朱如凯,等."连续型"气藏及其大气区形成机制与分布——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组煤系大气区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):307-319. Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Zhu Rukai,et al.Formation and distribution of continuous gas reservoirs and their giant gas province:a case from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation giant gas province,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(3):307-319.
[25] 魏国齐,李剑,张水昌,等.中国天然气基础地质理论问题研究新进展[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):6-14. Wei Guoqi,Li Jian,Zhang Shuichang,et al.New progress in the studies on basic geological theories of natural gas in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):6-14.
[26] 赵政璋,杜金虎.从勘探实践看地质家的责任[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012. Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu.A discussion on geologists responsibility from geological exploration practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[27] 戴金星,卫延召,赵靖舟.晚期成藏对大气田形成的重大作用[J].中国地质,2003,30(1):10-19. Dai Jinxing,Wei Yanzao,Zhao Jingzhou.Important role of the formation of gas accumulations in the late stage in the formation of large gas fields[J].Geology in China,2003,30(1):10-19.
[28] 戴金星.气聚集带和气聚集区的分类及其在天然气勘探上的意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1991,18(6):1-10. Dai Jinxing.Classification of gas accumulation zone/region and its significance in natural gas exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1991,18(6):1-10.
[29] 赵政璋,杜金虎,邹才能,等.大油气区地质勘探理论及意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(5):513-522.Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu,Zou Caineng,et al.Geological exploration theory for large oil and gas provinces and its significance[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(5):513-522.
[30] 李明诚,李剑."动力圈闭"——低渗透致密储层中油气充注成藏的主要作用[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):718-722. Li Mingcheng,Li Jian.Dynamic trap:a main action of hydrocarbon charging to form accumulations in low permeability-tight reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):718-722.
[31] 郝芳.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2005. Hao Fang.Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and mechanisms of petroleum accumulation in over pressured basins[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[32] 邹才能,赵文智,贾承造,等.中国沉积盆地火山岩油气藏形成与分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(3):257-271. Zou Caineng,Zhao Wenzhi,Jia Chengzao,et al.Formation and distribution of volcanic hydrocarbon reservoirs in sedimentary basins of China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(3):257-271.
[33] 侯连华,邹才能,刘磊,等.新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳油气地质条件[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):533-540. Hou Lianhua,Zou Caineng,Liu Lei,et al.Geologic essential elements for hydrocarbon accumulation within Carboniferous volcanic weathered crusts in northern Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):533-540.
[34] 魏国齐,张春林,张福东,等.中国大气田勘探领域与前景[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):25-34. Wei Guoqi,Zhang Chunlin,Zhang Fudong,et al.Exploration domain and prospect of giant gas fields in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):25-34.
[35] 赵宗举,周慧,陈轩,等.四川盆地及邻区二叠纪层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):35-51. Zhao Zongju,Zhou Hui,Chen Xuan,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of the Permian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):35-51.
[36] 周慧,赵宗举,刘烨,等.四川盆地及邻区早三叠世印度期层序岩相古地理及有利勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):52-63. Zhou Hui,Zhao Zongju,Liu Ye,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and favorable exploration zones of Induan Age of the Lower Triassic in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas,China [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(Supplement 2):52-63.
[37] 杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,等.四川盆地二叠—三叠系礁滩天然气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010. Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,et al.Natural gas exploration of Permian-Triassic reef flat,Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010.
[38] 谢增业,田世澄,魏国齐,等.川东北飞仙关组储层沥青与古油藏研究[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(3):283-288. Xie Zengye,Tian Shicheng,Wei Guoqi,et al.The study on bitumen and foregone pool of Feixianguan oolitic in northeast Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(3):283-288.
[39] 张奇,文龙,徐亮,等.四川盆地二、三叠系碳酸盐岩大气田类型及其成藏规律[J].天然气工业,2012,32(1):33-38.Zhang Qi,Wen Long,Xu Liang,et al.Types and gas accumulation patterns of large Permian and Triassic carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(1):33-38.

Reservoir geology and exploration theories of large gas fields in China

中国大气田成藏地质特征与勘探理论

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Liu Shengnan, Zhu Rukai, Jin Jun, Zhang Jingya. Hydrocarbon migration constraints on continental shale oil enrichment: a case study of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer sag,Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 932-946.
[2]	Luo Tingting, Zhang Chenyi, Yang Weihao, Sun Xiang, Song Yongchen. Triaxial shear test of natural gas hydrate-bearing saturated silty sediments [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 1019-1030.
[3]	Zhang Lei, Wei Xiaosong, Tang Yong, Zheng Menglin, Yan Detian, Zhang Bao, Zhang Mingxuan, Yuan Duoen. Multi-layer hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration prospect in the central Mahu sag, Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 771-786, 816.
[4]	Xi Shengli, Yan Wei, Liu Xinshe, Zhang Caili, Yin Liangliang, Dong Guodong, Jing Xianghui, Wei Liubin. New fields, new types and resource potentials of natural gas exploration in Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(1): 33-51,132.
[5]	Niu Xiaobing, Zhao Weibo, Shi Yunhe, Hu Xinyou, Du Xiaowei. Natural gas accumulation conditions and exploration potential of Benxi Formation in Ordos Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(8): 1240-1257.
[6]	Gao Yangdong, Peng Guangrong, Chen Zhaoming, Jiang Dapeng, Ma Ning, Li Xiao, Lü Huaxing, Gao Zhongliang. Breakthrough and significance of deep-water Paleogene exploration in Kaiping sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 1029-1040.
[7]	Chen Gangqiang, Zhang Lei, Wang Dongyong, Ma Wanyun, Niu Zhijie, Zou Xianli. A stereo model of accumulation from normal oil to heavy oil to oil sand to bitumen in Wuerhe area, Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 1072-1084.
[8]	Deng Yunhua, Yang Yongcai, Yang Ting. Three systems of the oil and gas formation in the world [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(6): 873-901.
[9]	Xu Changgui, Deng Yong, Wu Keqiang, Hu Lin, You Li. Discovery and geological significance of the large gas field Baodao 21-1 in a passive epicontinental basin with strong activity in the northern South China Sea [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(5): 713-729.
[10]	Li Yanping, Wang Yang, Xiang Yingjie, Xie Junyang, Li Lei, Yao Hua, Qu Wei, Fu Jiyou. Hydrocarbon enrichment conditions and exploration prospects of multilayer system in Dinan salient of Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(5): 778-793.
[11]	Zhang Gongcheng. Theory of deepwater hydrocarbon accumulation controlled by progressive tectonic cycles of marginal sea in the South China Sea [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 569-582.
[12]	Tang Yong, Wang Yanjun, Guo Juanjuan, Ablimit Imin, Pan Shuxin, Bian Baoli, Yang Chao, Sun Yongxing, Wei Cairu, Ma Delong, Liu Hailei, Huang Yu, Cui Jian. Enrichment conditions and exploration prospects of oil and gas in multi-layer system in Xiayan uplift, Junggar Basin [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 583-597,635.
[13]	Wei Na, Pei Jun, Cai Meng, Li Haitao, Zhao Jinzhou, Zhang Liehui, Xue Jin. Simulated calculation of heat balance of natural gas hydrate autogenous thermal unplugging agent [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 657-671.
[14]	Zhao Ermeng, Hou Jian, Liu Yongge, Bai Yajie. Simulation of improving low-frequency electric field heating efficiency in gas hydrate reservoirs through seawater convection [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 672-683.
[15]	Mi Lijun, Zhang Gongcheng, Liu Zhifeng, Chen Ying, Bai Zhizhao. Discussion on the development mechanism of lacustrine high-quality source rocks in oil-rich sags in offshore China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(3): 405-419,509.