Advances,practices and prospects of integrated CO2 geological storage monitoring technologies across atmospheric,near-surface and subsurface monitoring domains

doi:10.7623/syxb202601012

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 172-197.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202601012

• CO₂ EOR AND SEQUESTRATION • Previous Articles

Advances,practices and prospects of integrated CO₂ geological storage monitoring technologies across atmospheric,near-surface and subsurface monitoring domains

Gao Ming^1,2, He Chang^1,2,3, Song Yongchen³, Lü Weifeng^1,2, Ji Zemin^1,2, Wang Mingyuan^1,2, Jia Ninghong^1,2, Chen Xinglong^1,2, Wang Lu^1,2, Huo Ran^1,2, Zhang Yu^1,2

1. CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Dalian 116024, China

Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2026-01-08 Published:2026-02-12

二氧化碳地质封存三位一体监测技术进展、实践及展望

高明^1,2, 何畅^1,2,3, 宋永臣³, 吕伟峰^1,2, 姬泽敏^1,2, 王明远^1,2, 贾宁洪^1,2, 陈兴隆^1,2, 王璐^1,2, 霍然^1,2, 张宇^1,2

1. 中国石油集团科学技术研究院有限公司北京 100083;
2. 提高油气采收率全国重点实验室北京 100083;
3. 大连理工大学海洋能源利用与节能教育部重点实验室辽宁大连 116024

通讯作者: 吕伟峰,男,1979年8月生,2020年获南京大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院副院长、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油层物理与渗流力学、提高采收率、CCUS相关技术的研究工作。Email:lweifeng@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:吕伟峰,男,1979年8月生,2020年获南京大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院副院长、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油层物理与渗流力学、提高采收率、CCUS相关技术的研究工作。Email:lweifeng@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“利用大型油气藏埋存二氧化碳关键技术标准研究与应用”(2023YFF0614100)、国家科技重大专项“CO₂驱大幅度提高采收率与长期封存技术”(2024ZD1406600)、国家科技重大专项“CCUS-EOR全流程动态监测与封存效果评价技术研究与试验”(2025ZD1408104)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大专项“二氧化碳规模化捕集、驱油与埋存全产业链关键技术研究及示范”(2021ZZ01)和新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项“新疆地区二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存产业化发展战略研究”(2024B03001)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: This study provides a systematic review of the advances in integrated CO₂ geological storage monitoring technologies across atmospheric, near-surface, and subsurface domains. It further analyzes practical experiences of these three-dimensional technologies in CCUS/CCS projects within various geological formations and proposes future directions for their development. Research indicates that atmospheric monitoring technologies primarily focus on the measurement of gas concentration and flux, covering three major categories of optical monitoring, tracer monitoring, and micrometeorological monitoring, divided into seven subcategories. Near-surface monitoring technologies primarily monitor surface deformation and dynamic changes in soil, groundwater, and ecosystem, encompassing six major categories of geodetic monitoring, soil gas monitoring, groundwater sampling and monitoring, thermal infrared remote sensing, hyperspectral remote sensing, and biological monitoring, classified into eleven subcategories. Subsurface monitoring technologies focus on tracking CO₂ plume migration, well integrity, fluid composition, temperature, and pressure, including six major categories of seismic monitoring, well logging, gravity monitoring, electrical monitoring, wellbore monitoring, and distributed fiber-optic sensing, categorized into sixteen subcategories. CO₂-EOR faces challenges such as multiple leakage risk points and significant signal interference from multi-phase, multi-component fluids, necessitating synergistic monitoring to ensure enhanced oil displacement efficiency and secure CO₂ storage. In CO₂ saline aquifer storage, time-lapse seismic monitoring has become the core technique for characterizing plume migration, owing to its wide spatial coverage and high sensitivity to CO₂ saturation. In CO₂-Enhanced Coalbed Methane (CO₂-ECBM) recovery process, natural fractures are interwoven with artificial fracture networks; the enhancement of CH₄ production is strongly influenced by CO₂ injection and production strategies, and monitoring coal seam integrity and tracking changes in subsurface temperature, pressure, and fluid composition are crucial. Verifying the long-term stability of CO₂-basalt sequestration necessitates a primary focus on monitoring the transformation rate of carbonate minerals. Future efforts should focus on establishing stage-appropriate, standardized monitoring methodologies, developing site-specific and cost-effective monitoring systems, and creating intelligent, digital, and visualized monitoring platforms. Additionally, there is a need to accelerate the development of multifunctional, permanent, and low-cost monitoring technologies. These advancements will provide long-term technical support to ensure the safety of CO₂ geological storage.

Key words: CO₂ geological storage, monitoring technology, optical monitoring, geophysical monitoring, geochemical monitoring, CO₂ leakage, field practices

摘要： 系统梳理了大气、近地表和地下三位一体监测技术进展,剖析了不同构造地质体CCUS/CCS项目三位一体监测技术经验,并提出了未来三位一体监测技术的发展方向。研究表明:大气监测技术以监测气体浓度和通量为主,涵盖光学监测、示踪剂监测和微气象学监测3大类7小类技术;近地表监测技术以监测地表形变,以及土壤、地下水和生物的变化特征为主,涵盖大地监测、土壤气体监测、地下水采样监测、热红外遥感监测、高光谱遥感监测和生物监测6大类11小类技术;地下监测技术以监测CO₂羽流运移、井筒完整性、流体组分和温度压力为主,涵盖地震监测、测井监测、重力监测、电学监测、井筒监测、分布式光纤传感监测6大类16小类技术。CO₂-EOR需应对泄漏风险点多、多相多组分流体对监测信号干扰大等挑战,依赖协同监测保障驱油效率与封存安全;CO₂咸水层封存中时移地震凭借大覆盖范围与高CO₂饱和度敏感性,成为羽流运移刻画的核心手段;CO₂-ECBM中天然裂缝与人工缝网交织,CH₄增产效果受CO₂注采制度影响大,监测煤层完整性,跟踪地下温度压力和流体变化是关键;CO₂玄武岩封存需重点监测碳酸盐矿物转化速率以验证长期稳定性。未来需建立阶段适配、标准统一的监测方法体系,构建因地制宜、经济高效的监测技术体系, 打造智能化、数字化、可视化监测系统,加快研发多功能、永久式、低成本监测技术,为保障CO₂封存安全提供长周期的技术支撑。

关键词: CO₂地质封存, 监测技术, 光学监测, 地球物理监测, 地球化学监测, CO₂泄漏, 矿场实践

CLC Number:

TE822

Gao Ming, He Chang, Song Yongchen, Lü Weifeng, Ji Zemin, Wang Mingyuan, Jia Ninghong, Chen Xinglong, Wang Lu, Huo Ran, Zhang Yu. Advances,practices and prospects of integrated CO₂ geological storage monitoring technologies across atmospheric,near-surface and subsurface monitoring domains[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(1): 172-197.

高明, 何畅, 宋永臣, 吕伟峰, 姬泽敏, 王明远, 贾宁洪, 陈兴隆, 王璐, 霍然, 张宇. 二氧化碳地质封存三位一体监测技术进展、实践及展望[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(1): 172-197.

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Advances,practices and prospects of integrated CO₂ geological storage monitoring technologies across atmospheric,near-surface and subsurface monitoring domains

二氧化碳地质封存三位一体监测技术进展、实践及展望

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