Hydrocarbon accumulation process and model for deepwater anomalous high-pressure buried hill reservoirs in the Lingnan low uplift of Qiongdongnan Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb202602005

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 362-374.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202602005

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles

Hydrocarbon accumulation process and model for deepwater anomalous high-pressure buried hill reservoirs in the Lingnan low uplift of Qiongdongnan Basin

You Li¹, Jiang Rufeng¹, Liang Haoran², Liang Gang¹, Wang Wenbo¹, Jiao Yaoqi¹, Luo Quanyuan¹

1. Hainan Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Hannan Haikou 570311, China;
2. College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2025-03-12 Revised:2025-11-22 Published:2026-03-13

琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水异常高压潜山油气成藏过程与成藏模式

尤丽¹, 江汝锋¹, 梁浩然², 梁刚¹, 王文博¹, 焦垚祺¹, 罗泉源¹

1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司海南海口 570311;
2. 成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院) 四川成都 610059

通讯作者: 尤丽,女,1983年10月生,2018年获吉林大学博士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司首席工程师(勘探地质)、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探地质研究。
作者简介:尤丽,女,1983年10月生,2018年获吉林大学博士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司首席工程师(勘探地质)、教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探地质研究。
基金资助:
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“南海油气成藏机制与勘探开发关键技术:02课题(深水中深层/超深层油气成藏机理与勘探开发关键技术)”(2025ZD1402702)和中海石油(中国)有限公司科技项目“南海大中型天然气田形成条件、勘探潜力与突破方向”(KJZH-2021-0003-00)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: The anomalous high-pressure buried hill region, located at the periphery of the hydrocarbon-rich sag of Qiongdongnan Basin in northern China Sea, represents a key target for increasing deepwater natural gas exploration. Based on methods such as apatite fission track modeling, oil and gas geochemical analysis, fluid inclusion temperature measurement, oil-bearing inclusion particle index analysis, and formation pressure restoration, this study investigates the geological characteristics of natural gas in high-pressure buried hills. It further explores the formation and evolution of overpressure, the oil and gas charging history, and their relationships with the distribution of ancient oil and gas reservoirs in the buried hill of Lingnan low uplift within Qiongdongnan Basin. Additionally, the dynamic accumulation process of natural gas in deepwater high-pressure buried hill reservoirs is restored. The study suggests that the formation pressure evolution of buried hill reservoirs in Lingnan low uplift has progressed through three stages. From the initial burial stage till 10.5 Ma, the buried hills were under relatively normal pressure. From 10.5 Ma till 3.0 Ma, due to the transmission of hydrocarbon generation pressurization in adjacent sags, the buried hill exhibited overpressure, resulting in Phase Ⅰ charging of light oil and mature gas. From 3.0 Ma till the present, the overpressure in the buried hills increased due to the combined effects of hydrocarbon generation pressurization and under-compaction in the sag, leading to Phase Ⅱcharging of high-mature to over-mature natural gas at 1.8 Ma, and ultimately forming two independent formation pressure and accumulation systems in the upper and lower sections of the buried hill. A hydrocarbon accumulation model for deepwater anomalous high-pressure buried hill reservoirs represented by the Lingshui 32 structure has been established. This model is characterized by extensive source-reservoir contact, strong overpressure-driven migration, hydrocarbon transportation via structural ridges and intraformational faults, sealing by thick cap-rocks under overpressure, and multi-stage dynamic hydrocarbon charging. It is proposed to provide a solid foundation and valuable reference for exploration targeting deep-water anomalous high-pressure buried hills of Qiongdongnan Basin in northern South China Sea, and even in similar worldwide overpressure buried hill settings.

Key words: northern South China Sea, Qiongdongnan Basin, anomalous high-pressure buried hill, hydrocarbon accumulation model, hydrocarbon charging, formation pressure evolution

摘要： 南海北部琼东南盆地环富烃凹陷周缘的异常高压潜山领域,是深水深层天然气勘探的重要拓展方向。基于磷灰石裂变径迹模拟、油气地球化学分析、流体包裹体测温、含油包裹体颗粒指数分析、地层压力演化恢复等方法,在认识高压潜山天然气地质特征的基础上,研究了琼东南盆地陵南低凸起潜山超压的形成及演化、油气充注史与古油气藏分布的关系,并恢复了深水高压潜山的动态成藏过程。研究认为,陵南低凸起潜山的地层压力演化经历3个阶段:在埋藏后至10.5 Ma,潜山为相对常压;在10.5~3.0 Ma,由于邻区凹陷生烃增压的传递,潜山表现为超压,形成了第1期轻质油和成熟气充注;从3.0 Ma至今,在凹陷生烃增压作用和欠压实作用共同影响下,潜山的超压加大,形成了第2期(在距今1.9 Ma)高成熟—过成熟天然气充注,最终形成潜山的上、下2套独立地层压力与成藏系统。建立了以陵水32构造为代表的"源-储大面积接触、强超压驱动、构造脊+内幕断裂输导、超压厚盖层封闭、多期油气动态充注"的深水异常高压潜山成藏模式,以期为南海北部琼东南盆地深水异常高压潜山乃至全球异常高压潜山领域的勘探提供依据和借鉴。

关键词: 南海北部, 琼东南盆地, 异常高压潜山, 成藏模式, 油气充注, 地层压力演化

CLC Number:

TE122.3

You Li, Jiang Rufeng, Liang Haoran, Liang Gang, Wang Wenbo, Jiao Yaoqi, Luo Quanyuan. Hydrocarbon accumulation process and model for deepwater anomalous high-pressure buried hill reservoirs in the Lingnan low uplift of Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(2): 362-374.

尤丽, 江汝锋, 梁浩然, 梁刚, 王文博, 焦垚祺, 罗泉源. 琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水异常高压潜山油气成藏过程与成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(2): 362-374.

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Hydrocarbon accumulation process and model for deepwater anomalous high-pressure buried hill reservoirs in the Lingnan low uplift of Qiongdongnan Basin

琼东南盆地陵南低凸起深水异常高压潜山油气成藏过程与成藏模式

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