Characteristics,genesis and geological significance of natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions in sandstone reservoirs

doi:10.7623/syxb201707004

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 763-776.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201707004

• Petroleum Exploration • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics,genesis and geological significance of natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions in sandstone reservoirs

Su Ao¹, Chen Honghan¹, Wu You², Xiong Wanlin³, Liu Yanhua¹, Cai Limei⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resource of the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China;
2. Faculty of Earth Science, Yangtze University, Hubei Wuhan 430100, China;
3. Shenzhen Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Guangdong Guangzhou 510240, China;
4. Sinopec Southwest Oil & Gas Company, Sichuan Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2016-11-28 Revised:2017-05-28 Online:2017-07-25 Published:2017-08-10

砂岩储层烃类不混溶包裹体特征、成因及地质意义

苏奥¹, 陈红汉¹, 吴悠², 熊万林³, 刘妍鷨¹, 蔡李梅⁴

1. 中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室湖北武汉 430074;
2. 长江大学地球科学学院湖北武汉 430100;
3. 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司广东广州 510240;
4. 中国石油化工股份有限公司西南油气分公司四川成都 610041

通讯作者: 陈红汉,男,1962年9月生,1985年获武汉地质学院学士学位,1995年获中国地质大学(武汉)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院石油地质系教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气成藏过程与流体包裹体系统分析。Email:hhchen@cug.edu.cn
作者简介:苏奥,男,1989年12月生,2011年获中国地质大学(武汉)学士学位,2014年获中国地质大学(武汉)硕士学位,现为中国地质大学(武汉)博士研究生,主要从事盆地流体地质、油气成藏、有机地球化学和地震解释研究。Email:suao446@163.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项（2011ZX05023-004-010）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2012CB214804）资助。

Abstract

Abstract:

To systematically study the natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions able to be generally detected in the reservoirs but attracting less attention, massive sandstone samples were collected from multiple sedimentary basins. Based on a series of means, such as inclusion petrography, micro-fluorescence, micro-thermometry, inclusion gas/liquid ratio and water/oil ratio test, the characteristics and geneses of natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions were studied as below:(1) Oil-gas immiscible inclusions are natural gas-cut crude oil, formed by the oil-gas phase separation due to pressure variation rather than the homogeneous capture, characterized by abnormally high homogenization temperature as well as the varying gas-liquid ratio and capture phase. (2) The bitumen-oil and (or) gas immiscible inclusions result from the inhomogeneous capture of bitumen and oil (gas) generated by thermal cracking, gas phase escape or reservoir water washing, biodegradation, gas cut and thermal cracking after the homogeneous capture of oil inclusions. The former has similar bitumen content, while the latter shows the bitumen content changing from absence to richness. (3) Hydrocarbon-water inclusions with separating contact between wrapping water film and water phase reflect the displacement process of formation water in oil and gas filling reservoirs. Trace water has little effect on homogenization temperature. (4) Oil-water inclusions with a thin oil film reveal that the interaction between water and hydrocarbon fluid, indicating paleo-oil reservoir destruction, inhomogeneous capture of residual oil and formation water, or overpressure sedimentary basin dominated by gas generation, dissolution of the natural gas carrying light hydrocarbon in water, and inhomogeneous capture of "extracted oil phase" and formation water. (5) Gas-water immiscible inclusions show the existence of water soluble gas in the reservoir with abnormally high homogenization temperature and varying gas-liquid ratio, derived from phase separation process between natural gas and water due to pressure change. Organic matter types, structure and thermal evolution history of sedimentary basin determine the type, maturity and interaction of hydrocarbon fluid, the temperature and pressure conditions of reservoir fluid and its stability, which fundamentally controls the development and types of immiscible inclusions.

Key words: hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions, inhomogeneous capture, immiscible system, genesis, phase separation

摘要：

为了系统研究储层中鲜有关注却较为普遍检测到的一种包裹体类型——烃类不混溶包裹体，采集了多个沉积盆地的大量砂岩样品，利用包裹体岩相学、显微荧光、显微测温、包裹体气液比和水油比检测等一系列手段，研究了天然形成的烃类不混溶包裹体特征与成因：①油气不混溶包裹体为天然气气侵原油，因压力变化引起的油气相态分离而非均一捕获形成，具有异常高均一温度和变化的气液比与捕获相态；②沥青-油和（或）气不混溶包裹体成因是油包裹体被均一捕获后热裂解、气相逃逸或者油藏水洗、生物降解、气侵和热裂解等生成的沥青与油（气）非均一捕获，前者具有相似的沥青含量，后者沥青从不含到富有均有分布；③包裹式水膜和与水相呈分离式接触的水-烃包裹体反映油气充注储层驱替地层水的过程，微量水对均一温度影响甚微；④薄油膜的油-水包裹体反映水与烃类流体的相互作用，指示古油藏破坏而残余油与地层水非均一捕获或以生气为主的超压沉积盆地，携带轻烃的天然气溶解于水，"萃取油相"与地层水非均一捕获；⑤气-水不混溶包裹体表明储层中水溶气存在，具有异常高均一温度和变化的气液比，形成于压力变化引起的天然气与水的相分离过程。沉积盆地的有机质类型、构造和热演化历史，决定烃类流体的类型、成熟度、以及之间的相互作用、储层流体所处的温度和压力条件以及稳定性，这些从根本上控制着不混溶包裹体发育及类型。

关键词: 烃类不混溶包裹体, 非均一捕获, 不混溶体系, 成因, 相态分离

CLC Number:

TE122

Su Ao, Chen Honghan, Wu You, Xiong Wanlin, Liu Yanhua, Cai Limei. Characteristics,genesis and geological significance of natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions in sandstone reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(7): 763-776.

苏奥, 陈红汉, 吴悠, 熊万林, 刘妍鷨, 蔡李梅. 砂岩储层烃类不混溶包裹体特征、成因及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(7): 763-776.

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Characteristics,genesis and geological significance of natural hydrocarbon immiscible inclusions in sandstone reservoirs

砂岩储层烃类不混溶包裹体特征、成因及地质意义

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