Abstract: Niger Delta Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin and it is located along the triple junction area of African plate and Atlantic plate. During geological history, the basin underwent an evolution of uplifting, faulting and fault-tilting. The basin is characterized by multiple oil pool types and many oil-bearing layers. The massive oil pools as roll-over anticline are dominated in the shallow horizons. Faulted block, faulted-nose, lithostratigraphic and turbine pools are dominated in the deep. Macro structures control the primary oil accumulation and distribution in the Basin. Secondary fault zones, turbine and sand bodies of different faces belts and foot wall block structures play an important role in hydrocarbon reaccumulation and redistribution, which are the new area with high potential.

Key words: Niger Delta, roll-over anticline, collapse structure, secondary fault

摘要： 尼日尔三角洲盆地是非洲板块与大西洋板块边缘三联点上的中、新生界沉积盆地.地史时期曾经历基地拱升、断裂、掀斜等构造运动,具有油藏类型丰富,含油层段多的特征.盆地地层浅部以滚动背斜组成的块状油藏为主;深部以断块、断鼻、岩性、浊积岩及其构造、地层等复合型油藏为主.以大构造带控制油气聚集及分布,多期次级断裂构造带、不同相带的砂体、浊积岩、高垒块构造在油气聚集、分布中起重要作用.该盆地研究程度尚低,未来具有较大的油气勘探潜力.

关键词: 尼日尔三角洲, 滚动背斜, 塌陷构造, 次级断裂