非常规油的成因和分布

doi:10.7623/syxb2012S1004

石油学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (S1): 20-26.DOI: 10.7623/syxb2012S1004

非常规油的成因和分布

童晓光

中国石油天然气勘探开发公司　北京　100034

收稿日期:2011-12-20 修回日期:2012-03-17 出版日期:2012-08-25 发布日期:2012-08-30
通讯作者: 童晓光
作者简介:童晓光，男，1935年4月生，1964年南京大学研究生毕业，现为中国石油天然气勘探开发公司顾问、中国工程院院士，长期从事石油天然气地质勘探研究和管理工作。

Genesis and distribution of unconventional oil

TONG Xiaoguang

Received:2011-12-20 Revised:2012-03-17 Online:2012-08-25 Published:2012-08-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非常规油指勘探开发成本高、技术难度大的油品，主要有3大类。第一类为重油和油砂，系正常原油经过生物降解和水洗作用形成，分布广泛、潜力巨大，已被大量开采。第二类为油页岩，是干酪根与黏土和细粒无机矿物的混合物，有机质丰度高但不成熟，要经过人工加热生成石油，油页岩的发现很早，分布广泛，以美国所占比例最高。第三类为页岩（致密）油，存在于成熟度较高的高有机质烃源岩夹持的特低孔特低渗储层中，要通过对储层的压裂改造，产生人工裂缝才能生产石油。页岩（致密）油在美国、加拿大已开始生产，但其勘探潜力及其全球分布尚待研究。

关键词: 非常规油, 重油, 油砂, 油页岩, 页岩（致密）油

Abstract:

Unconventional oil refers to the petroleum that is produced with high cost and advanced technology other than conventional methods and mainly includes three categories: heavy oil & oil sand, oil shale and shale (tight) oil. The first category is heavy oil and oil sand that is evolved from conventional oil undergoing biological degradation and water washing. With wide distribution and huge potentials, the heavy oil and oil sand have been exploited to a large extent. The oil shale is the mixture of kerogen and inorganic substances such as clay and fine grain minerals. The organic matters have high abundance yet are immature, which can generate oil through artificial heating. The oil shale is discovered very early and widely distributed, and the U.S. accounts for the highest proportion. The third category is the shale (tight) oil. Since it occurs in the particularly low pore and seepage reservoirs retained in the hydrocarbon source rock with higher maturity and excessive organic matters, oil can be produced only through artificial cracks by reservoir fracturing. Shale (tight) oil has been produced in the U.S. and Canada, but the exploration potentials and global distribution need further research.

Key words: unconventional oil, heavy oil, oil sand, oil shale, shale (tight) oil

童晓光. 非常规油的成因和分布[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(S1): 20-26.

TONG Xiaoguang. Genesis and distribution of unconventional oil[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2012, 33(S1): 20-26.

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非常规油的成因和分布

Genesis and distribution of unconventional oil

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