三塘湖盆地火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应及凝灰质烃源岩发育模式

doi:10.7623/syxb201306006

石油学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1077-1087.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201306006

三塘湖盆地火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应及凝灰质烃源岩发育模式

王书荣¹, 宋到福², 何登发³

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油大学地球科学学院北京 102249;
3. 中国地质大学能源学院北京 100083

收稿日期:2013-05-16 修回日期:2013-09-02 出版日期:2013-11-25 发布日期:2013-10-13
通讯作者: 王书荣
作者简介:王书荣，女，1981年3月生，2006年毕业于山东科技大学，2009年获山东科技大学硕士学位，现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院工程师，主要从事石油地质研究。Email：w_s.2003@163.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项“塔里木盆地碎屑岩油气富集规律及勘探目标研究”（2011ZX05002-003-004）资助。

The enrichment effect of organic materials by volcanic ash in sediments of the Santanghu Basin and the evolutionary pattern of tuffaceous source rocks

WANG Shurong¹, SONG Daofu², HE Dengfa³

1. Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Production, Beijing 100083, China;
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2013-05-16 Revised:2013-09-02 Online:2013-11-25 Published:2013-10-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

勘探实践表明，有些凝灰质岩具有很高的产烃能力，可以作为非常好的生油岩。但有关凝灰质岩中有机质富集的原因，却一直没有得到解决。基于三塘湖盆地石炭系凝灰质泥岩岩石学和地球化学特征分析，探讨了火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应。研究发现，三塘湖盆地石炭系凝灰质泥岩有机质丰度要比同层位地层中泥岩的有机质丰度高很多，表明火山灰对有机质的富集起到了重要作用。凝灰质烃源岩干酪根显微组分以腐泥组的矿物沥青基质和层状藻类体为主、干酪根碳同位素较轻、正构烷烃为前单高峰型（主峰碳以nC₁₅、nC₁₇或nC₁₉为主）以及规则甾烷、藿烷含量丰富等均表明三塘湖盆地石炭系凝灰质泥岩有机质主要来源于藻类/细菌等低等生物。火山喷发产生的气体及飘落在海水中的火山灰物质，可以在海水中释放大量的营养元素和铁元素，促进藻类/细菌的大量繁盛。这些大量繁殖的藻类/细菌是凝灰质泥岩中有机质的重要来源，也是凝灰质泥岩中有机质富集的重要原因，据此，结合前人研究成果初步建立了凝灰质烃源岩发育模式。

关键词: 三塘湖盆地, 火山灰, 凝灰质泥岩, 有机质富集, 有机质来源, 发育模式

Abstract:

Exploration practice indicates that lots of tuffaceous rocks are good oil source rocks and have a geat generative potential of hydrocarbons, however, the reason of organic enrichment in tuffaceous rocks remains unclear. Through analyzing petrographical and geochemical characteristics of Carboniferous tuffaceous mudstones in the Santanghu Basin, we investigated the enrichment effect of organic materials by volcanic ash in sediments and found oganic materials highly enriched in Carboniferous tuffaceous mudstones of the Santanghu Basin compared with mudstones of the basin. Volcanic ash was considered as the main factor causing the enrichment of organic materials in tuffaceous mudstones. Hight amounts of mineral bituminous matrix and lamellar algainite, lighter carbon isotopes of kerogens, concentrated short-middle chain n-alkanes (maximum at nC₁₅, nC₁₇ or nC₁₉) and abundant regular steranes and hopanoids all indicated that organic materials of Carboniferous tuffaceous mudstones in the Santanghu Basin are mainly derived from algae/bacteria. The results showed that the gas and volcanic ash accompanied with volcanic eruption can stimulate algal/bacterial growth through releasing high amounts of nutrient and iron elements to the sea. These algae/bacteria are the main source of organic materials deposited in tuffaceous mudstones and high amounts of algal/baterial materials are the main cause of the organic material enrichment in tuffaceous mudstones. In addition, an evolutionary pattern of tuffaceous source rocks was primarily built up based on previous researches and our new findings.

Key words: Santanghu Basin, volcanic ash, tuffaceous mudstone, organic enrichment, organic origin, developmental pattern

中图分类号:

TE112.11

王书荣, 宋到福, 何登发. 三塘湖盆地火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应及凝灰质烃源岩发育模式[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(6): 1077-1087.

WANG Shurong, SONG Daofu, HE Dengfa. The enrichment effect of organic materials by volcanic ash in sediments of the Santanghu Basin and the evolutionary pattern of tuffaceous source rocks[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2013, 34(6): 1077-1087.

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三塘湖盆地火山灰对沉积有机质的富集效应及凝灰质烃源岩发育模式

The enrichment effect of organic materials by volcanic ash in sediments of the Santanghu Basin and the evolutionary pattern of tuffaceous source rocks

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