注空气开采过程中稠油结焦量影响因素

doi:10.7623/syxb201608009

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1030-1036.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201608009

注空气开采过程中稠油结焦量影响因素

江航¹, 许强辉², 马德胜¹, 谭闻濒², 黄佳¹, 李阳¹, 陈希¹, 史琳²

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院提高石油采收率国家重点实验室北京 100083;
2. 清华大学热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室北京 100084

收稿日期:2015-10-23 修回日期:2016-04-17 出版日期:2016-08-25 发布日期:2016-09-02
通讯作者: 史琳,女,1964年2月生,1985年获西安交通大学学士学位,1992年获得西安交通大学博士学位,现为清华大学热能工程系教授、博士生导师,主要从事稠油热采、基于有机朗肯循环的中低品味能源转换技术等研究。Email:rnxsl@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
作者简介:江航,男,1985年9月生,2007年获清华大学学士学位,2009年获清华大学硕士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院石油采收率研究所工程师、中国石油勘探开发研究院博士研究生,主要从事油气田开发工作。Email:jianghang@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项（2011ZX05012）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目（2014A-1006）资助。

Influence factors of coking amount during recovery of heavy oil by air injection

Jiang Hang¹, Xu Qianghui², Ma Desheng¹, Tan Wenbin², Huang Jia¹, Li Yang¹, Chen Xi¹, Shi Lin²

1. State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2015-10-23 Revised:2016-04-17 Online:2016-08-25 Published:2016-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过建立油藏高温、高压反应模拟实验装置，物理模拟了稠油注空气开采过程中焦炭的生成过程，研究了反应气氛、温度、压力以及空气通风强度对稠油生焦量的影响。研究表明：在空气气氛下，原油低温氧化显著促进了焦炭生成，5 MPa反应压力下，每克稠油最高焦炭生成量为0.375 g，是氮气气氛下最高生焦量的2.5倍，焦炭初始生成温度受低温氧化影响比氮气条件降低了近200℃。随压力升高，加剧的低温氧化反应提高了焦炭生成量，但是5 MPa后压力影响不再显著。随空气通风强度增加，生焦量并非持续增加，而是在33.4 N·m³/（m²·h）附近存在极值。进一步对比分析了焦炭的高温氧化消耗与原油组分蒸馏失重对焦炭生成量的影响。其结果表明，焦炭氧化是空气气氛下温度自225℃升高至300℃过程中焦炭净生成量减少的主要原因。在氮气气氛下，随温度升高至450℃，加剧的原油热解缩聚反应增加了生焦量，但温度进一步升高引起焦炭自身热解失重，生焦量降低。另外，实验还发现，当温度超过200℃时，反应管内油砂中心温度超过外壁面加热控制温度。分析表明，超温现象由原油组分的低温氧化和部分活性较强的焦炭高温氧化引起，因此该稠油存在油层自燃点火的应用潜力。

关键词: 注空气开采, 火烧油层, 焦炭, 低温氧化, 高温氧化

Abstract:

Through building the experimental apparatus for reservoir HTHP reaction simulation and physically simulating the coke generation process during recovery of heavy oil by air injection, a study was conducted on the influences of reaction atmosphere, temperature, pressure and air ventilation intensity on the coking amount with certain Xinjiang heavy oil. The research indicated that in the air atmosphere, the low temperature oxidization (LTO) of crude oil can significantly promoted coke generation. with the reaction pressure 5 MPa, each gram of heavy oil can generate the maximum coking amount of 0.375 g, 2.5 times over that in N₂ atmosphere. Influenced by LTO, the initial coke generation temperature is lower than that in N₂ atmosphere by nearly 200℃. With the pressure rising, the aggravated LTO can increase the coking amount; when the pressure exceeds 5 MPa, its effect is not significant. With the increase of air ventilation intensity, the coking amount is not continuously increased, and a peak will appear at around 33.4 N·m³/(m²·h). A comparative analysis was carried out on the influences of coke high-temperature oxidization consumption as well as crude-oil component distillation and weightloss on coking amount. The results indicated that coke oxidization was the major cause of the reduction in net coking amount with the temperature ranging from 225℃ to 300℃ in air atmosphere. When the temperature reaches 450℃ in N₂ atmosphere, the aggregated crude-oil pyrolysis condensation reaction can increase the coking amount, but the further rising of temperature will lead to coke pyrolysis and weightloss, resulting in a decline in coking amount. Additionally, the experiments revealed that when the temperature exceeds 200℃, the oil sand center temperature in the reaction tube was higher than the outer-wall heating control temperature. The analysis results showed that the temperature exceeding phenomenon was caused by the LTO of crude oil component and the high temperature oxidation of certain coke with high activity; This heavy oil has the spontaneous ignition potential.

Key words: air injection recovery, in-situ combustion, coke, low temperature oxidation, high temperature oxidation

中图分类号:

TE357.4

江航, 许强辉, 马德胜, 谭闻濒, 黄佳, 李阳, 陈希, 史琳. 注空气开采过程中稠油结焦量影响因素[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(8): 1030-1036.

Jiang Hang, Xu Qianghui, Ma Desheng, Tan Wenbin, Huang Jia, Li Yang, Chen Xi, Shi Lin. Influence factors of coking amount during recovery of heavy oil by air injection[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(8): 1030-1036.

参考文献

[1] Alboudwarej H,Felix J,Taylor S,et al.Highlighting heavy oil[J].Oilfield Review,2006,18(2):34-53.
[2] Sarathi P S.In-situ combustion handbook-principles and practices[M].Tulsa,Oklahoma:National Petroleum Technology Office,1999.
[3] 唐君实,关文龙,蒋有伟,等.稀油火烧油层物理模拟[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1135-1140.
Tang Junshi,Guan Wenlong,Jiang Youwei,et al.Physical simulation of light oil in-situ combustion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1135-1140.
[4] Moore R G,Laureshen C J,Mehta S A,et al.Observations and design considerations for in situ combustion projects[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1999,38(13):97-100.
[5] Alexander J D,Martin W L,Dew J N.Factors affecting fuel availability and composition during in situ combustion[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1962,14(10):1154-1164.
[6] Mahinpey N,Ambalae A,Asghari K.In situ combustion in enhanced oil recovery (EOR):a review[J].Chemical Engineering Communications,2007,194(8):995-1021.
[7] Yoshiki K S,Phillips C R.Kinetics of the thermo-oxidative and thermal cracking reactions of Athabasca bitumen[J].Fuel,1985,64(11):1591-1598.
[8] Drici O,Vossoughi S.Study of the surface area effect on crude oil combustion by thermal analysis techniques[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1985,37(4):731-735.
[9] Ranjbar M.Influence of reservoir rock composition on crude oil pyrolysis and combustion[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,1993,27(1):87-95.
[10] Hascakir B,Kovscek A R.Analysis of in-situ combustion performance in heterogeneous media[R].SPE 170008,2014.
[11] 关文龙,马德胜,梁金中,等.火驱储层区带特征实验研究[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):100-104.
Guan Wenlong,Ma Desheng,Liang Jinzhong,et al.Experimental research on thermodynamic characteristics of in-situ combustion zones in heavy oil reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):100-104.
[12] 梁金中,关文龙,蒋有伟,等.水平井火驱辅助重力泄油燃烧前缘展布与调控[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):720-727.
Liang Jinzhong,Guan Wenlong,Jiang Youwei,et al.Propagation and control of fire front in the combustion assisted gravity drainage process using horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):720-727.
[13] 江航,昝成,宋新民,等.高压近绝热量热法获取原油氧化动力学参数[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):745-748.
Jiang Hang,Zan Cheng,Song Xinmin,et al.Determination of oxidation kinetics parameters for crude oil using high pressure and near adiabatic calorimetry method[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):745-748.
[14] 唐君实,关文龙,梁金中,等.热重分析仪求取稠油高温氧化动力学参数[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):775-779.
Tang Junshi,Guan Wenlong,Liang Jinzhong,et al.Determination on high-temperature oxidation kinetic parameters of heavy oils with thermogravimetric analyzer[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):775-779.
[15] Zhang Liang,Deng Junyu,Wang Lei,et al.Low-temperature oxidation characteristics and its effect on the critical coking temperature of heavy oils[J].Energy&Fuels,2015,29(2):538-545.
[16] 王元基,何江川,廖广志,等.国内火驱技术发展历程与应用前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):909-914.
Wang Yuanji,He Jiangchuan,Liao Guangzhi,et al.Overview on the development history of combustion drive and its application prospect in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(5):909-914.
[17] 中国石油化工总公司.SH/T 0509-1992石油沥青组分测定法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
China National Petroleum and Chemical Corporation.SH/T 0509-1992 Determination method of asphaltum[S].Beijing:Chinese Standard Press,1992.
[18] American Society for Testing and Materials.ASTM D5307 Standard test method for determination of boiliuy range distribution of crude petroleum by gas chromatography[S].West Conshoho Cken,PA:ASTM International,1997.
[19] Computer Modelling Group.STARS user's guide,2012[M].Calgary:CMG,2012.
[20] 张越.稠油火烧过程焦炭的物理化学性质分析[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
Zhang Yue.Analysis on coke's physical and chemical properties in in-situ combustion[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2015.
[21] Radovic'L R,Walker Jr P L,Jenkins R G.Importance of carbon active sites in the gasification of coal chars[J].Fuel,1983,62(7):849-856.
[22] Cinar M,Castanier L M,Kovscek A R.Combustion kinetics of heavy oils in porous media[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25(10):4438-4451.
[23] Sharma R K,Wooten J B,Baliga V L,et al.Characterization of chars from pyrolysis of lignin[J].Fuel,2004,83(11/12):1469-1482.
[24] Ren Yan,Mahinpey N,Freitag N.Kinetic model for the combustion of coke derived at different coking temperatures[J].Energy&Fuels,2007,21(1):82-87.
[25] Abu-Khamsin S A,Brigham W E,Ramey Jr H J.Reaction kinetics of fuel formation for in-situ combustion[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1988,3(4):1308-1316.
[26] Fan Cheng,Zan Cheng,Zhang Qiang,et al.Air injection for enhanced oil recovery:In situ monitoring the low-temperature oxidation of oil through thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry and pressure differential scanning calorimetry[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2015,54(26):6634-6640.

注空气开采过程中稠油结焦量影响因素

Influence factors of coking amount during recovery of heavy oil by air injection

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	梁金中, 王伯军, 关文龙, 侯平舒, 彭妥, 苗利军. 稠油油藏火烧油层吞吐技术与矿场试验[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(3): 324-332.
[2]	唐君实, 关文龙, 蒋有伟, 王海宁, 王伯军, 李秋, 郑浩然, 许海南. 稀油火烧油层物理模拟[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(9): 1135-1140.
[3]	赵仁保, 高珊珊, 杨凤祥, 黄容萍, 陈怡秀, 廖广志. 稠油火烧过程中的活化能测定方法[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(6): 1125-1130.
[4]	唐君实, 关文龙, 梁金中, 江航, 王伯军. 热重分析仪求取稠油高温氧化动力学参数[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(4): 775-779.
[5]	王元基　何江川　廖广志　王正茂. 国内火驱技术发展历程与应用前景[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(5): 909-914.
[6]	于洪敏　任韶然　左景栾. 空气泡沫驱数学模型与数值模拟方法[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(4): 653-657.
[7]	关文龙马德胜梁金中李春涛席长丰张霞林. 火驱储层区带特征实验研究[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(1): 100-104.
[8]	崔玉峰, 杨德伟, 陈玉丽, 安申法, 刘中良. 火烧油层热力采油过程的数值模拟[J]. 石油学报, 2004, 25(5): 99-103.