基于低负碳减排的深部煤系气一体化开发技术路径

doi:10.7623/syxb202311014

石油学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1931-1948.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202311014

基于低负碳减排的深部煤系气一体化开发技术路径

苏现波^1,2,3,4, 王乾^1,5, 于世耀¹, 赵伟仲¹, 王小明³, 毕彩芹⁶, 陈明⁷, 王一兵⁸, 孙长彦^1,2, 伏海蛟³, 邹成龙⁸, 张双斌⁹, 黄津¹, 谢相军¹⁰

1. 河南理工大学资源环境学院河南焦作 454000;
2. 河南理工大学非常规天然气研究院河南焦作 454000;
3. 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院湖北武汉 430074;
4. 中原经济区煤层(页岩)气协同创新中心河南焦作 454000;
5. 河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室——省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地河南焦作 454000;
6. 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心北京 100083;
7. 中石油煤层气有限责任公司临汾分公司山西太原 030000;
8. 新疆科林思德新能源有限责任公司新疆阜康 831500;
9. 晋城职业技术学院矿业工程系山西晋城 048026;
10. 乌鲁木齐国盛新能源投资开发(集团)有限公司新疆乌鲁木齐 830009

收稿日期:2023-05-16 修回日期:2023-09-10 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-08
通讯作者: 王乾,男,1991年12月生,2021年获河南理工大学博士学位,现为河南理工大学讲师、硕士生导师,主要从事煤系气开发理论与技术方面的研究。Email:qianwang@hpu.edu.cn
作者简介:苏现波,男,1963年10月生,1988年获中国矿业大学(北京)硕士学位,现为河南理工大学教授、博士生导师,主要从事煤系气开发理论与技术方面的研究。Email:suxianbo@hpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.42230804）、国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.42072193）、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.42202209）、中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2022M711055）、河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室——省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目（WS2021B13）和河南省自然科学基金青年项目（222300420173）资助。

Integrated development technology path for deep coal measure gas based on low-negative carbon emission reduction

Su Xianbo^1,2,3,4, Wang Qian^1,5, Yu Shiyao¹, Zhao Weizhong¹, Wang Xiaoming³, Bi Caiqin⁶, Chen Ming⁷, Wang Yibing⁸, Sun Changyan^1,2, Fu Haijiao³, Zou Chenglong⁸, Zhang Shuangbin⁹, Huang Jin¹, Xie Xiangjun¹⁰

1. School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo 454000, China;
2. Unconventional Gas Research Institute, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo 454000, China;
3. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China;
4. Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region, Henan Jiaozuo 454000, China;
5. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan Jiaozuo 454000, China;
6. Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China;
7. Linfen Branch, PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Shanxi Taiyuan 030000, China;
8. Xinjiang Cleanseed New Energy Co., Ltd., Xinjiang Fukang 831500, China;
9. Department of Mining Engineering, Jincheng Institute of Technology, Shanxi Jincheng 048026, China;
10. Urumqi Guosheng New Energy Investment Development(Group)Co., Ltd., Xinjiang Urumqi 830009, China

Received:2023-05-16 Revised:2023-09-10 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 加快推进深部煤系气的商业化开发进程对保障国家能源安全、实现"双碳"目标具有重要意义。基于深部煤系气赋存地质特征，以煤系气一体化开发为出发点，论述采用复合压裂液对煤系气储层进行一体化缝网改造，建立集煤系气增产与CO₂同步封存为一体的低负碳减排技术体系，形成深部煤系气一体化开发技术路径。随着埋深和地层压力增大，深部煤系各类储层中游离气含量增加，煤系页岩气、致密气及水溶气资源贡献逐渐增大，煤系气总资源量增加。相较于煤储层，泥页岩层和致密岩层的可改造性强、敏感性弱，实施一体化改造，在泥页岩层和致密岩层中更容易建立可以长期维系的流体运移产出缝网通道，克服煤储层极易伤害的不足。液相CO₂前置液具有比水基压裂液更强的造缝能力，在深部储层条件下处于超临界态，可通过对储层萃取改性实现增解、增扩、增透和防水锁等增产效应；在储层条件允许的前提下可通过与CH₄竞争吸附强化煤系气产出；液相CO₂吸附也可诱发煤岩体膨胀形成微裂缝，进一步沟通基质孔隙和压裂裂缝，促进气体由扩散运移转为渗流运移。液相CO₂的多重增产效应可以为煤系气这一低碳能源的商业化开发提供支撑，且注入的CO₂能够以吸附、游离和溶解态封存于煤系各类储层，因此，基于液相CO₂前置液的一体化开发技术属于低负碳减排技术。作为携砂液，水基低伤害压裂液的毛细管压力较低，具有更强的造缝能力，可有效抑制储层水锁和速敏伤害。建立了以煤系力学地层学为指导的储层评价方法，在煤系页岩气和致密气发育的多煤层区可优选宜采用直井/丛式井煤系气一体化开发的甜层和甜段，在煤系页岩气和致密气不发育的单一厚煤层区可优选水平井层位，实现地质—工程一体化和一井一法。通过分层（段）多簇不均匀射孔、大排量、变排量、大液量压裂形式，结合套管外暂堵、裂缝内暂堵、端部脱砂等限流措施及重复压裂等工艺，可以克服压裂阶段各类储层的层间矛盾，形成层间干扰，实现对各类储层的均匀改造，构建复杂的多级多类裂缝网络体系。采用多级配支撑剂可以实现对不同级别裂缝的有效支撑和裂缝网络的房柱式支撑。由此，在实现深部煤系气开发、获取低碳能源的同时，也可实现CO₂的同步封存，这一集低碳和负碳为一体的CCUS技术路径将为中国煤系气大产业建设和实现"碳中和"提供理论与技术支撑。

关键词: 深部煤系气, 一体化开发, 复合压裂液, 缝网改造, CO₂封存, 低负碳减排

Abstract: To accelerate the commercial development of deep coal measure gas is crucial for guaranteeing national energy security and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Based on the geological and occurrence characteristics of deep coal measure gas, the paper initially proposes the integrated development of coal measure gas, and then elaborates on the application of composite fracturing fluid for the integrated stimulation of coal measure gas reservoirs, so as to establish a low-carbon emission technical system that combines increased production of coal measure gas with synchronous CO₂ sequestration. This forms the technology path for the integrated development of deep coal measure gas. As the burial depth and formation pressure increase, the content of free gas in various types of deep coal measure reservoirs rises, and the contributions from shale gas in coal seams, tight gas, and water-soluble gas are gradually increased, leading to an increase in the total coal measure gas resources. Compared with coal reservoirs, mud shale and tight rock layers exhibit higher reconstruction ability and lower sensitivity. The integrated transformation in these layers can facilitate the establishment of long-term fluid migration and production network channels, thus overcoming the vulnerabilities of coal reservoirs. The liquid-phase CO₂ preflush fluid possesses stronger width generation capacity than the water-based fracturing fluid, especially in supercritical conditions in deep reservoirs; it can increase production through reservoir extraction and stimulation, i.e., enhancing CBM deabsorption, enlarging expansion area, increasing reservoir permeability and preventing water damage. Under allowable reservoir conditions, the production of coal measure gas can be enhanced by competitive adsorption with CH₄. Liquid-phase CO₂ adsorption can induce coal rock expansion, thus creating microfractures that further connect with matrix pores and fractured cracks, which can promot the transition of gas migration from diffusion to seepage. The multiple production-improving effects of liquid-phase CO₂ provide supports for the commercial development of coal measure gas as a low-carbon energy source. Additionally, the injected CO₂ can be stored in the adsorption,free and dissolved state in coal measure reservoirs. Therefore, the integrated development technology based on liquid-phase CO₂ preflush fluid is characterized by low-carbon emission and carbon emission reduction. As a sand-carrying fluid, the water-based low-damage fracturing fluid has lower capillary pressure, possessing stronger fracturing capabilities, which can effectively inhibit water locking and speed-sensitivity damages to reservoirs. The paper establishes a reservoir evaluation method guided by coal measure mechanical stratigraphy. In multiple coal seams with developed shale gas and tight gas, vertical or cluster wells are preferred for integrated development of coal measure gas in the layers and sections of sweet spots; in a single thick coal seam without developed shale gas and tight gas, horizontal well positions are preferred. This can achieve geological engineering integration and the approach of one method for one well. By using techniques such as layered (sectioned) multi-cluster uneven perforation, large displacement, variable displacement, and large liquid volume fracturing, combined with flow restriction measures including temporary blocking outside the casing, temporary blocking inside the fractures, sand removal at the ends, and repeated fracturing, the inter-layer conflicts between various types of reservoirs during fracturing can be overcome, resulting in interlayer interference and achieving uniform stimulation of various reservoirs; additionally, a complex multi-level fracture network system has been constructed. The multi-grade proppant can effectively support the fractures of different levels and provide a room-pillar support for the fracture network. Thus, while achieving the development of deep coal measure gas and obtaining low-carbon energy, synchronous CO₂ sequestration is also possible. The CCUS technology path proposed based on low-negative carbon emission will provide theoretical and technical supports for the construction of China's large coal measure gas industry and achieving "carbon neutrality".

Key words: deep coal measure gas, integrated development, composite fracturing fluid, fracture network stimulation, CO₂ sequestration, low-negative carbon emission reduction

中图分类号:

P618.11

苏现波, 王乾, 于世耀, 赵伟仲, 王小明, 毕彩芹, 陈明, 王一兵, 孙长彦, 伏海蛟, 邹成龙, 张双斌, 黄津, 谢相军. 基于低负碳减排的深部煤系气一体化开发技术路径[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(11): 1931-1948.

Su Xianbo, Wang Qian, Yu Shiyao, Zhao Weizhong, Wang Xiaoming, Bi Caiqin, Chen Ming, Wang Yibing, Sun Changyan, Fu Haijiao, Zou Chenglong, Zhang Shuangbin, Huang Jin, Xie Xiangjun. Integrated development technology path for deep coal measure gas based on low-negative carbon emission reduction[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(11): 1931-1948.

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基于低负碳减排的深部煤系气一体化开发技术路径

Integrated development technology path for deep coal measure gas based on low-negative carbon emission reduction

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