浮式生产系统泄漏天然气爆燃特性与安全区域

doi:10.7623/syxb201404023

石油学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 786-794.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201404023

浮式生产系统泄漏天然气爆燃特性与安全区域

魏超南, 陈国明, 刘康

中国石油大学海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心山东青岛 266580

收稿日期:2014-01-26 修回日期:2014-04-22 出版日期:2014-07-25 发布日期:2014-08-05
通讯作者: 陈国明，男，1962年10月生，1982年获华东石油学院学士学位，1999年获石油大学机械工程专业博士学位，现为中国石油大学（华东）海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心教授、博士生导师，主要从事海洋油气工程及装备、油气安全工程方面的研究。Email：offshore@126.com
作者简介:魏超南，男，1988年2月生，2010年获湖南科技大学学士学位，2013年获中国石油大学（华东）硕士学位，现为中海油安全技术服务有限公司评估评价工程师，主要从事海洋油气安全技术与风险评估方面的研究。Email：wei_chaonan@163.com
基金资助:
国家安全生产监督管理总局2012年安全科技“四个一批”项目（2012-507）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（09CX05008A）资助。

Leakage gas deflagration characteristics and safety area of FPSO

Wei Chaonan, Chen Guoming, Liu Kang

Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China

Received:2014-01-26 Revised:2014-04-22 Online:2014-07-25 Published:2014-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对浮式生产系统（FPSO）生产运行过程中潜在的油气泄漏及火灾、爆炸等连锁风险，基于CFD方法建立油气处理系统泄漏天然气爆燃事故后果预测与评估模型，对特定事故场景条件下的天然气爆燃特性进行模拟和分析，研究爆炸超压、火焰温度及热辐射的发展规律，确定各危害指标影响区域及人员安全区域。研究表明，爆燃超压总变化趋势为一次超压阶段→负压阶段→二次超压阶段→基本稳定；原油热处理器泄漏端区域受超压影响最严重，最高达到12.5 kPa；爆燃超压对人体伤害的最小安全半径为R=16.3 m；30 s后天然气爆燃发展成为稳定的池火燃烧状态；火焰温度和热辐射的主要影响区域均集中在原油热处理器下部壁面、其对应的生产甲板以及电脱盐器、电脱水器喂给泵、海水冷却器等邻近设备表面，持续作用下将对船体和设备结构造成严重损坏；火焰温度和热辐射对人体伤害的最小安全半径分别为R=32.8 m和R=57.1 m，结合研究结果从工程应用角度提出适当建议。

关键词: 浮式生产系统, 天然气, 爆燃, 安全区域, 计算流体动力学

Abstract:

Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) operation has potential risks of chain accidents such as fire and explosion caused by oil and gas leakage. This study develops a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based model for predicting and evaluating the outcome of deflagration accident caused by gas leakage in crude oil treatment system of FPSO. The CFD model is then used for simulation of gas deflagration characteristics and the results are analyzed to identify the development law of overpressure, flame temperature, and thermal radiation in specific accident scenarios, as well as to determine the impact zone of various indicators and personnel safety zone. In the time course, overpressure generally varies in the following phases:first overpressure → negative pressure → second overpressure → stable state. The area near the leakage point of crude oil thermal theater is affected by overpressure most severely, where the highest overpressure is up to 12.5 kPa. The minimal safety radius for avoiding human body hurt by overpressure is 16.3 m. It takes 30 s for gas deflagration to develop into pool fire in a steady state. The main impact zones of flame temperature and thermal radiation are located at the bottom wall of crude oil thermal theater, the corresponding process deck, and the nearby equipment including electric desalter, electric dehydrator feed pumps, and sea water cooler. Continuous action of such loads will substantially damage the ship body and associated equipment. The minimal safety radius for avoiding human body hurt by flame temperature and thermal radiation are 32.8 and 57.1 m, respectively. Finally, recommendations for improving engineering applications of FPSO are given.

Key words: FPSO, natural gas, deflagration, safety area, CFD

中图分类号:

TE88

魏超南, 陈国明, 刘康. 浮式生产系统泄漏天然气爆燃特性与安全区域[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(4): 786-794.

Wei Chaonan, Chen Guoming, Liu Kang. Leakage gas deflagration characteristics and safety area of FPSO[J]. ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2014, 35(4): 786-794.

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浮式生产系统泄漏天然气爆燃特性与安全区域

Leakage gas deflagration characteristics and safety area of FPSO

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