页岩油气革命及影响

doi:10.7623/syxb202001001

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摘要

页岩油气革命延长了世界石油工业生命周期、助推了全球油气储量和产量增长、影响着各国能源战略格局。地质历史时期生命大爆发及生物大灭绝事件控制了全球富有机质页岩的形成和演化。结合世界页岩油气勘探开发实践分析，页岩油气革命包涵科技革命、管理革命和战略革命。科技革命将资源视野从源外单一资源类型扩展到"源岩油气"系统；管理革命实现页岩油气低成本开发；战略革命重塑世界能源新版图。通过系统介绍中国陆相页岩油、海相/陆相页岩气两大领域的工业实践，明确了地下原位加热转化技术是中—低成熟度页岩油资源规模开发利用的现实探索，水平井体积压裂技术是实现中—高成熟度页岩油经济开发的有效途径，指出鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段中—低成熟度页岩油和四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段中—高成熟度页岩油具有很大的资源潜力。当前，中国3 500 m以浅海相页岩气开发已有成功经验，海陆过渡相和3 500 m以深海相页岩气勘探取得了重要突破。地下煤气化试验探索煤炭清洁化和可持续利用新模式。页岩油气革命对中国能源发展具有深远影响：页岩油气革命突破传统找油理念，助推"源岩油气"成为新的油气系统；页岩油气革命推动"技术爆发"，加快能源类型迭代；页岩油气革命开启"坚持常规、突破非常规、开启新能源"的发展道路，有望实现中国"能源独立"。

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	邹才能
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关键词 ：页岩油气革命, 源岩油气, 陆相页岩油, 海陆相页岩气, 非常规油气, 能源独立, 新能源

Abstract：

The shale oil and gas revolution has prolonged the life cycle of oil industry in the world, and promoted the growth of global oil and gas reserves and production, thus having influences on the energy strategy of each country. The formation and evolution of organic-rich shale worldwide were controlled by the life explosion and mass extinction events in the past geological periods. In combination with the worldwide exploration and development of shale oil and gas, the shale oil and gas revolution involves scientific and technological revolution, management revolution and strategic revolution. Through the scientific and technological revolution, the resource-based view is expanded from a single resource type to a "source rock bearing oil and gas" system; the efficient and low-cost development of shale oil and gas are realized by the management revolution; a new map of the worldwide energy is reshaped by the strategic revolution. Through systematically introducing the industrial practices in terrestrial shale oil and marine/terrestrial shale gas, it is clear that the underground in-situ heating conversion technology represents the actual exploration of the large-scale development and utilization of shale oil resources with medium-low maturity, and the volume fracturing technology for horizontal well is an effective way to realize the low-cost development of shale oil resources with medium-high maturity. It is pointed out that the shale oil with medium-low maturity in the Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and that with medium-high maturity in the Daanzhai Member of Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Sichuan Basin have great resource potential. At present, China has achieved a success in the development of marine shale gas shallower than 3500 m, and major breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of transitional and marine shale gas deeper than 3 500 m. The underground coal gasification test represents an exploration way for achieving clean and sustainable use of coal. The shale oil and gas revolution has a profound impact on China's energy development. It breaks through the traditional oil exploration theories by introducing "source rock bearing oil and gas" as a new petroleum system, drives the technological explosion, speeds up the energy type alternation, opens the development path of "depending on conventional petroleum, making a breakthrough in unconventional petroleum, and developing new energy", which is expected to achieve energy independence in China.

Key words： shale oil and gas revolution source rock bearing oil and gas terrestrial shale oil marine shale gas unconventional petroleum energy independence new energy

收稿日期: 2019-11-22

中图分类号:

TE122

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.41902151）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司直属院所基础研究和战略储备技术研究基金项目（2018D-500805）资助。

通讯作者: 潘松圻,男,1986年6月生,2009年获中国地质大学(武汉)学士学位,2017年获北京大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质、油气有机地球化学与能源战略研究工作。Email:pansongqi@pku.edu.cn E-mail: pansongqi@pku.edu.cn

作者简介: 邹才能,男,1963年9月生,1987年获西南石油学院学士学位,2004年获中国石油勘探开发研究院博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院副院长、国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心主任、教授级高级工程师、中国科学院院士,主要从事常规-非常规油气地质理论研究与实践、新能源与能源战略研究等工作。Email:zcn@petrochina.com.cn

引用本文:

邹才能, 潘松圻, 荆振华, 高金亮, 杨智, 吴松涛, 赵群. 页岩油气革命及影响[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(1): 1-12.
Zou Caineng, Pan Songqi, Jing Zhenhua, Gao Jinliang, Yang Zhi, Wu Songtao, Zhao Qun. Shale oil and gas revolution and its impact[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(1): 1-12.

链接本文:

http://www.syxb-cps.com.cn/CN/10.7623/syxb202001001 或 http://www.syxb-cps.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V41/I1/1

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