石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1538-1554.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202012008

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球原型盆地演化与油气分布

张光亚1, 温志新1, 刘小兵1, 黄彤飞1, 王兆明1, 于炳松2, 童晓光3, 李曰俊4, 辛仁臣2, 陈汉林5, 马锋1, 刘红1, 罗贝维1   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083;
    2. 中国地质大学(北京) 北京 100083;
    3. 中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司 北京 100034;
    4. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 北京 100029;
    5. 浙江大学地球科学学院 浙江杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-11 修回日期:2020-11-02 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 张光亚,男,1962年8月生,1983年获武汉地质学院学士学位,1994年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事全球油气地质、资源评价、重大勘探领域评价与超前选区研究。Email:zgy@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05028-003)和中国石油天然气集团公司科技重大专项(2013E-050103、2019D-4306)资助。

Evolution of global proto-type basin and the petroleum distribution

Zhang Guangya1, Wen Zhixin1, Liu Xiaobing1, Huang Tongfei1, Wang Zhaoming1, Yu Bingsong2, Tong Xiaoguang3, Li Yuejun4, Xin Renchen2, Chen Hanlin5, Ma Feng1, Liu Hong1, Luo Beiwei1   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
    3. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100034, China;
    4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
    5. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310027, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-11-02 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-06

摘要:

在全球古板块重建基础上,对全球4 091个地质单元不同地质历史时期的大地构造特征和原型盆地性质进行厘定,并以468个重点盆地为关键标定,恢复了全球前寒武纪、寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪、二叠纪、三叠纪、侏罗纪、早白垩世、晚白垩世、古近纪和新近纪13个地质时期的原型盆地类型及其古、今位置分布,探讨了全球原型盆地演化规律及其与烃源岩发育和油气富集的关系。全球原型盆地的形成与板块构造演化密切相关:①罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解、分离阶段,主要形成克拉通盆地和被动陆缘盆地;②冈瓦纳大陆漂移与潘基亚超大陆的形成控制古生代被动陆缘盆地、弧后盆地和前陆盆地的共同发育;③潘基亚超大陆的裂解主要控制了裂谷盆地和被动陆缘盆地的发育。全球烃源岩发育与大陆裂解、海平面上升和海侵广泛有关,主要发育于拉张环境下形成的被动陆缘盆地和裂谷盆地,以侏罗纪和白垩纪最为发育。针对多期叠加型盆地,通过分别恢复不同期次的盆地原型,预测其生-储-盖组合分布与油气富集有利区,对中国石油公司开展海外战略选区和油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 古板块重建, 原型盆地, 罗迪尼亚, 冈瓦纳, 潘基亚, 油气分布

Abstract:

Based on the reconstruction of global paleo-plate, this study determines the geotectonic characteristics of 4091 geological units in different geological historical periods and the nature of proto-type basins; using 468 key basins as the key calibrations, it restores the types and distribution of paleo and present locations of proto-type basins in 13 geological periods of the Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene; further, it explores the evolution of global proto-type basins and its relationship with source rock development and hydrocarbon enrichment. The formation of global proto-type basins is closely related to the evolution of plate tectonics:(1) In the breakup and separation stages of the Rodinia, craton basins and passive marginal basins were mainly formed. (2) Gondwana continental drift and the formation of Pangea controlled the common development of Paleozoic passive continental margin basins, back-arc basins and foreland basins. (3) Pangea breakup primarily controlled the development of rift basins and passive continental margin basins. Global source rocks were mainly developed in passive continental margin basins and rift basins under extensional environments. The development of source rocks is related to continental breakup, sea level rise and extensive transgression, and reached the peak in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. For multi-stage superimposed basins, predicting the distribution of source-reservoir-caprock combination and the favorable areas for oil and gas enrichment by restoring basin proto-types in different stages respectively has important guiding significance for Chinese oil companies' overseas strategic area selection and oil-gas exploration.

Key words: reconstruction of paleo-plate, proto-type basin, Rodinia, Gondwana, Pangea, hydrocarbon distribution

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