缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素

doi:10.7623/syxb201704007

石油学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 436-443.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201704007

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素

苏伟^1,2,3, 侯吉瑞^1,2,3, 李海波^1,2,3, 赵腾^1,2,3, 席园园^1,2,3

1. 中国石油大学提高采收率研究院北京 102249;
2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司海相油气藏开发重点实验室北京 102249;
3. 中国石油大学石油工程教育部重点实验室北京 102249

收稿日期:2016-08-20 修回日期:2017-01-29 出版日期:2017-04-25 发布日期:2017-05-04
通讯作者: 苏伟,男,1990年1月生,2012年获中国石油大学(华东)学士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)油气田开发工程专业博士研究生,主要从事提高采收率与采油化学研究工作。Email:suweicup@foxmail.com
作者简介:苏伟,男,1990年1月生,2012年获中国石油大学(华东)学士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)油气田开发工程专业博士研究生,主要从事提高采收率与采油化学研究工作。Email:suweicup@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项（2011ZX05014-003）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目（2011CB201006）资助。

Feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs

Su Wei^1,2,3, Hou Jirui^1,2,3, Li Haibo^1,2,3, Zhao Teng^1,2,3, Xi Yuanyuan^1,2,3

1. Research Institute of Enhanced Oil Recovery, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Sinopec Key Laboratory for the Development of Marine Petroleum Reservoirs, Beijing 102249, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering of the Ministry of Education, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received:2016-08-20 Revised:2017-01-29 Online:2017-04-25 Published:2017-05-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素，研制了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏细观物理模型和宏观剖面可视化物理模型，可由细观到宏观对缝洞型油藏注泡沫可行性及其影响因素进行室内物理模拟。细观物理模型实验结果表明：水驱后，剩余油主要以封闭孔洞内剩余油、阁楼油、绕流油和油膜的形式存在；氮气泡沫能通过重力分异及阻力效应启动阁楼油与绕流油并剥离油膜。在宏观剖面可视化物理模型上进行了注泡沫影响因素研究。实验结果表明：在含油饱和度较低时，以低部位井注、高部位井采（低注高采）的方式注泡沫效果更好，注泡沫时机不宜过早，宜在充分水驱的基础上转注泡沫；底水能量过强则不利于注泡沫，同时存在一个最优的泡沫注入量。对于碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开采中后期，注泡沫开采能够有效维持高效开发，提高原油采收率。

关键词: 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏, 泡沫驱, 可视化, 物理模拟, 机理, 影响因素

Abstract:

Mesoscopic physical model and macroscopic visualized model were designed for the fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs. The laboratory physical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity reservoirs from mesoscopic to macroscopic perspectives. Experimental results of the mesoscopic model illustrate that the residual oil exists primarily in the form of residual oil in the closed caves, attic oil, by-pass oil and oil membrane in the confined pores after water flooding. The nitrogen foam is able to activate attic oil and by-pass oil and then strip oil membrane by gravitative differentiation and drag effect. The influencing factors of foam injection were studied using macroscopic visualized physical model. Experimental results indicate that in case of low oil saturation, a better effect can be achieved in foam injection by means of low positional flooding and high positional production (low flooding and high production). Besides, foam injection shall be appropriately conducted when sufficient water flooding is satisfied. The case of excessively strong bottom water energy is not conductive to foam injection, and meanwhile an optimal amount of foam injected exists. Experimental results show that foam injection can effectively maintain high-efficient development and improve crude oil recovery rate in the mid-late production period of fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs.

Key words: fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoir, foam flooding, visualization, physical simulation, mechanism, influencing factors

中图分类号:

TE357

苏伟, 侯吉瑞, 李海波, 赵腾, 席园园. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(4): 436-443.

Su Wei, Hou Jirui, Li Haibo, Zhao Teng, Xi Yuanyuan. Feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(4): 436-443.

参考文献

[1] 窦之林. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
DOU Zhilin.The development technology of fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[2] 金强,康逊,田飞.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶径流带缝洞化学充填物成因和分布[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):791-798.
JIN Qiang,KANG Xun,TIAN Fei.Genesis of chemical fillings in fracture-caves in paleo-karst runoff zone in Ordovician and their distributions in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):791-798.
[3] 崔永福,彭更新,吴国忱,等.孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震正演及叠前深度偏移[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):827-836.
CUI Yongfu,PENG Gengxin,WU Guochen,et al.Seismic forward modeling and pre-stack depth migration of porous-type carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):827-836.
[4] 李阳,金强,钟建华,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):289-298.
LI Yang,JIN Qiang,ZHONG Jianhua,et al.Karst zonings and fracture-cave structure characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):289-298.
[5] 陈红汉,吴悠,朱红涛,等.塔中地区北坡中-下奥陶统早成岩岩溶作用及储层形成模式[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1231-1246.
CHEN Honghan,WU You,ZHU Hongtao,et al.Eogenetic karstification and reservoir formation model of the Middle-Lower Ordovician in the northeast slope of Tazhong uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(10):1231-1246.
[6] LI Mei,LOU Zhanghua,ZHU Rong,et al.Distribution and geochemical characteristics of fluids in Ordovician marine carbonate reservoirs of the Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of Earth Science,2014,25(3):486-494.
[7] LUCIA J F,KERANS C,JENNINGS J W Jr.Carbonate reservoir characterization[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2003,55(6):70-72.
[8] 侯吉瑞,李海波,姜瑜,等.多井缝洞单元水驱见水模式宏观三维物理模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):717-722.
HOU Jirui,LI Haibo,JIANG Yu,et al.Macroscopic three-dimensional physical simulation of water flooding in multi-well fracture-cavity unit[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):717-722.
[9] 荣元帅,李新华,刘学利,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏多井缝洞单元注水开发方式[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,31(1):28-32.
RONG Yuanshuai,LI Xinhua,LIU Xueli,et al.Discussion about pattern of water flooding development in multi-well fracture-cavity units of carbonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013,31(1):28-32.
[10] 李宗宇.塔河奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发对策探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):856-862.
LI Zongyu.A discussion on development strategies for the Ordovician fractured-vuggy carbonate rock reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(6):856-862.
[11] 任玉林,李江龙,黄孝特.塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏开发技术政策研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(5):57-59.
REN Yulin,LI Jianglong,HUANG Xiaote.Study on developmental technologic strategies in Tahe carbonate oilfield[J].Petroluem Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(5):57-59.
[12] 陈志海,戴勇,朗兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):102-105.
CHEN Zhihai,DAI Yong,LANG Zhaoxin.Storage-percolation modes and production performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):102-105.
[13] 李生青,廖志勇,杨迎春.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞单元注水开发分析[J].新疆石油天然气,2011,7(2):40-44.
LI Shengqing,LIAO Zhiyong,YANG Yingchun.A discussion on water flooding in the multi-well fractured-vuggy units of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2011,7(2):40-44.
[14] 李阳.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):115-121.
LI Yang.The theory and method for development of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):115-121.
[15] 刘中春.塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏提高采收率技术途径[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):66-68.
LIU Zhongchun.Enhanced oil recovery in Tahe karstic/fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):66-68.
[16] 李巍,侯吉瑞,丁观世,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏剩余油类型及影响因素[J].断块油气田,2013,20 (4):458-461.
LI Wei,HOU Jirui,DING Guanshi,et al.Remaining oil types and influence factors for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2013,20(4):458-461.
[17] 荣元帅,赵金洲,鲁新便,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏剩余油分布模式及挖潜对策[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1138-1146.
RONG Yuanshuai,ZHAO Jinzhou,LU Xinbian,et al.Remaining oil distribution patterns and potential-tapping countermeasures in carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(6):1138-1146.
[18] 惠健,刘学利,汪洋,等.塔河油田缝洞型油藏注气替油机理研究[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(2):55-57.
HUI Jian,LIU Xueli,WANG Yang,et al.Mechanism research on gas injection to displace the oil remaining in fractured-vuggy reservoirs of Tahe oilfield[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2013,36(2):55-57.
[19] 李海波,侯吉瑞,李巍,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏氮气泡沫驱提高采收率机理可视化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(4):93-96.
LI Haibo,HOU Jiui,LI Wei,et al.Laboratory research on nitrogen foam injection in fracture-vuggy reservoir for enhanced oil recovery[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(4):93-96.
[20] 陈琳,康志宏,李鹏,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶型碳酸盐岩油藏储集空间发育特征及地质模式探讨[J].现代地质,2013,27(2):356-365.
CHEN Lin,KANG Zhihong,LI Peng,et al.Development characteristics and geological model of Ordovician karst carbonate reservoir space in Tahe Oilfield[J].Geoscience,2013,27(2):356-365.
[21] 赵刚,王本,陈国,等.泡沫复合驱三维多相多组分数学模型的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(4):33-35.
ZHAO Gang,WANG Ben,CHEN Guo,et al.Application of 3-D multi-phase multi-component mathematical model to ASP-foam flooding[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2004,28(4):33-35.
[22] 杜庆军.泡沫驱渗流特征的实验和模拟研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2008:30-34.
DU Qingjun.Experiment and modeling of the seepage characteristics in foam flooding[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2008:30-34.
[23] 王杰祥,王腾飞,韩蕾,等.特低渗油藏空气泡沫驱提高采收率实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(5):130-134.
WANG Jiexiang,WANG Tengfei,HAN Lei,et al.Experimental study of improved oil recovery through air foam flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2013,35(5):130-134.
[24] FARAJZADEH R,ANDRIANOV A,BRUINING J,et al.Comparative study of CO₂ and N₂ foams in porous media at low and high pressures-temperatures[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry,2009,48(9):4542-4552.
[25] 王其伟,郭平,李雪松,等.泡沫体系在不同渗透率级差双管模型中的驱油效果[J].大庆石油学院学报,2008,32(6):39-42.
WANG Qiwei,GUO Ping,LI Xuesong,et al.Different permeability grade double-tube model on foam flooding effect[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2008,32(6):39-42.
[26] 刘中春,李江龙,吕成远,等.缝洞型油藏储集空间类型对油井含水率影响的实验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):271-274.
LIU Zhongchun,LI Jianglong,LV Chengyuan,et al.Experimental study on effect of reservoir space types on water cut of wells in karstic-fractured carbonate reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(2):271-274.
[27] ZUTA J.Mechanistic modeling of CO₂-Foam processes in fractured chalk rock:Effect of foam strength and gravity forces on oil recovery[R].SPE 144807,2011.

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素

Feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	石兰香, 彭栋梁, 席长丰, 冯世博, 李松岩. 丙烷与二甲醚辅助SAGD开采规律二维物理模拟实验[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(6): 999-1008.
[2]	熊钰, 郭美娟, 王羚鸿, 吴道铭, 陈美华, 李明秋, 邓波, 张芮, 路俊刚, 曾德铭. 四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段页岩油特征及可动性评价[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(5): 817-843.
[3]	熊亮, 赵勇, 魏力民, 庞河清, 慈建发. 威荣海相页岩气田页岩气富集机理及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(8): 1365-1381.
[4]	王腾飞, 王亮亮, 王杰祥, 范海明, 柏宗宪, 宋伟, 陈毅. 催化空气驱技术低温氧化催化机理及油藏适应性[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(7): 1118-1128.
[5]	夏阳, 金衍, 陈康平, 韦世明. 页岩油藏油气两相流动模型及其对油藏开发的启示[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(2): 348-357.
[6]	刘静, 夏军勇, 孙秋分, 李正斌, 夏雷, 吴飞鹏, 蒲春生. 低频波强化泡沫微观驱油特征[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(2): 358-368.
[7]	蒋龙, 杜玉山, 张云蛟, 王冠民, 任敏华, 程紫燕, 孟维新, 侯植耀. 牛庄洼陷沙河街组四段上亚段—沙河街组三段下亚段细粒沉积岩纹层状亮晶方解石脉的发育机理与模式[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(10): 1637-1649.
[8]	钟俊杰, 王曾定, 孙志刚, 姚军, 杨永飞, 孙海, 张磊, 张凯. 基于纳米流控技术的页岩储层微观流体特征研究进展[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(1): 207-222.
[9]	孙金声, 杨景斌, 白英睿, 吕开河, 程荣超, 蒋官澄, 郝惠军, 张洁. 超分子凝胶形成机理及其在油气钻采工程领域应用现状和前景[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(9): 1334-1350.
[10]	端祥刚, 吴建发, 张晓伟, 胡志明, 常进, 周尚文, 陈学科, 祁灵. 四川盆地海相页岩气提高采收率研究进展与关键问题[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(8): 1185-1200.
[11]	宋闯, 张晓诚, 谢涛, 霍宏博, 王文. 渤海“三高”气井环空早期圈闭压力预测[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(5): 694-707.
[12]	郭晖, 纪宝强, 杨森, 王然, 张顺存, 李佳思, 张生银, 邹妞妞, 史基安. 准噶尔盆地环玛湖凹陷二叠系砂砾岩储层沸石类胶结物的形成及石油地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(3): 341-354.
[13]	曾联波, 吕文雅, 徐翔, 田鹤, 陆诗磊, 张洺菁. 典型致密砂岩与页岩层理缝的发育特征、形成机理及油气意义[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(2): 180-191.
[14]	高德利, 刘奎, 王宴滨, 刘金海, 李轩. 页岩气井井筒完整性失效力学机理与设计控制技术若干研究进展[J]. 石油学报, 2022, 43(12): 1798-1812.
[15]	杨永, 罗艳龙, 孙明, 王俊强. 油气管道交流杂散电流腐蚀研究进展[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(9): 1247-1254.