超临界CO2压裂技术现状与展望

doi:10.7623/syxb202001011

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 116-126.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202001011

超临界CO₂压裂技术现状与展望

王海柱¹, 李根生¹, 郑永¹, Kamy Sepehrnoori², 沈忠厚¹, 杨兵¹, 石鲁杰¹

1. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249;
2. 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校石油和地质工程系美国德克萨斯州 78712

收稿日期:2018-09-19 修回日期:2019-10-20 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-02-06
通讯作者: 王海柱,男,1981年9月生,2005年获西安石油大学学士学位,2011年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院副教授、博士研究生导师,主要从事油气井流体力学与工程及超临界CO₂钻完井理论与技术相关研究与教学工作。Email:Whz0001@126.com
作者简介:王海柱,男,1981年9月生,2005年获西安石油大学学士学位,2011年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院副教授、博士研究生导师,主要从事油气井流体力学与工程及超临界CO₂钻完井理论与技术相关研究与教学工作。Email:Whz0001@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.51874318，No.51922107）资助。

Research status and prospects of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology

Wang Haizhu¹, Li Gensheng¹, Zheng Yong¹, Kamy Sepehrnoori², Shen Zhonghou¹, Yang Bing¹, Shi Lujie¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Received:2018-09-19 Revised:2019-10-20 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-02-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以水基压裂液开发非常规油气过程中所面临的问题为背景，总结了超临界CO₂压裂技术的独特优势、技术特点、工艺流程及其作业机制。全面分析了超临界CO₂压裂技术的起源、超临界CO₂压裂岩石起裂机制、缝内携砂规律、井筒流动与控制、压裂设备及现场试验等研究发展现状，得到了当前阻碍该技术工业化应用的关键问题，并给出了相应对策。针对超临界CO₂压裂岩石起裂机制的研究多为现象性描述，未来应重视理论分析与模拟实验相结合，给出定量评价方法；超临界CO₂缝内携砂能力的研究除了加强增黏剂方向的攻关力度外，研发纳米纤维实现物理增黏、开发新型低密度支撑剂、提高施工设备技术参数等也是有益的工作。未来超临界CO₂压裂技术将逐渐由直井单层压裂向水平井多级压裂发展并与连续油管拖动压裂相结合，逐渐满足页岩气、煤层气、致密砂岩气等非常规油气的规模化开发需求。

关键词: 超临界CO₂压裂, 非常规油气, 无水压裂技术, 裂缝, 携砂

Abstract:

Based on the problems encountered in the development of unconventional oil and gas using water-based fracturing fluids, this paper summarizes the unique advantages, technical characteristics, technological processes and operating mechanisms of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology. Through comprehensively analyzing the current research and development status involving the origin of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology, fracture initiation mechanisms of rock during supercritical CO₂ fracturing, proppant carrying laws in fractures, flow law and control mechanism of the wellbore, fracturing equipment and field tests, this paper puts forward the key issues for industrial application and further proposes corresponding countermeasures. The researches on the fracture initiation mechanisms of rock during supercritical CO₂ fracturing are dominated by phenomenal descriptions. The future study should focus on the integration of theoretical analysis and simulation experiment, and set up the quantitative evaluation method. In research of the proppant carrying capacity during supercritical CO₂ fracturing, in addition to strengthening the efforts in improving the adhesion performance of tackifiers, it is also useful to develop nanofibers for enhancing tackling ability by physical methods, develop new-type low-density proppants and optimize the technical parameters of equipment. Based on the single-layer fracturing of vertical wells, the supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology will be gradually developed to achieve the multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells; in combination with coiled tubing fracturing, it can gradually meet the demands for the large-scale development of unconventional resources, such as shale gas, coalbed methane, tight sandstone gas, and etc.

Key words: supercritical CO₂ fracturing, unconventional resources, non-aqueous fracturing technology, fractures, proppant carrying

中图分类号:

TE357.1

王海柱, 李根生, 郑永, Kamy Sepehrnoori, 沈忠厚, 杨兵, 石鲁杰. 超临界CO₂压裂技术现状与展望[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(1): 116-126.

Wang Haizhu, Li Gensheng, Zheng Yong, Kamy Sepehrnoori, Shen Zhonghou, Yang Bing, Shi Lujie. Research status and prospects of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(1): 116-126.

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超临界CO₂压裂技术现状与展望

Research status and prospects of supercritical CO₂ fracturing technology

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