柴达木盆地膏盐层岩石物理特征及其对构造变形的影响

doi:10.7623/syxb202002005

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 197-204.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202002005

柴达木盆地膏盐层岩石物理特征及其对构造变形的影响

卞青¹, 陈琰², 张国卿², 刘润超¹, 王振东¹, 郭召杰¹

1. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京 100871;
2. 中国石油青海油田公司甘肃敦煌 736202

收稿日期:2019-04-10 修回日期:2019-10-18 出版日期:2020-02-25 发布日期:2020-03-09
通讯作者: 郭召杰,男,1963年1月生,1984年获南京大学学士学位,1990年获南京大学博士学位,现为北京大学地球与空间科学学院教授、博士生导师,主要从事构造地质学和石油地质学研究与教学工作。Email:zjguo@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:卞青,男,1991年4月生,2014年获中国地质大学(北京)学士学位,2019年获北京大学博士学位,现为中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院工程师,主要从事柴达木盆地盐构造综合研究。Email:bianqing@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项"柴达木盆地复杂构造区油气成藏、关键勘探技术与新领域目标优选"（2016ZX05003-006）和国家自然科学基金项目（No.41930213）资助。

Petrophysical characteristics of the gypsum-salt layer in Qaidam Basin and its influences on tectonic deformation

Bian Qing¹, Chen Yan², Zhang Guoqing², Liu Runchao¹, Wang Zhendong¹, Guo Zhaojie¹

1. School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Gansu Dunhuang 736202, China

Received:2019-04-10 Revised:2019-10-18 Online:2020-02-25 Published:2020-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柴达木盆地下干柴沟组发育膏盐层，膏盐层和柴达木盆地构造变形与油气成藏密切相关。对下干柴沟组的膏盐层、盐上层和盐下层进行岩石物理性质测试的结果显示，下干柴沟组膏盐层相较盐上层和盐下层的能干性弱，而相较于标准盐岩的能干性强。下干柴沟组膏盐为层状盐岩体，其构造变形行为与蒸发岩和盐间泥岩夹层在整个膏岩层段中的比例相关，蒸发岩含量高时膏盐层的变形以塑性蠕变为主，泥岩夹层含量高时膏盐层主要发生脆性变形。膏盐层的存在影响了柴达木盆地内的构造变形，导致盐上层和盐下层中构造样式不一致。在柴达木盆地西南地区，构造上表现为深层发育花状构造、浅层发育"Y"字形断层。在柴达木盆地北缘地区，构造上表现为深、浅层发育不一致的冲断构造。用盐构造耦合-解耦理论模型探讨深、浅层构造之间的联系，提出膏盐层的厚度是柴达木盆地构造解耦程度的主控因素，膏盐层厚度与构造解耦程度呈正相关。

关键词: 柴达木盆地, 盐构造, 下干柴沟组, 构造解耦, 岩石力学

Abstract:

Gypsum-salt layer developed in the Xiaganchaigou Formation has a close relation with tectonic deformation and hydrocarbon accumulation in Qaidam Basin. The petrophysical properties of gypsum-salt, supra-salt and pre-salt strata in the Xiaganchaigou Formation were tested. The results show that the competent of the gypsum-salt layer in the Xiaganchaigou Formation is weaker than that of the supra-salt and the pre-salt strata, but stronger than that of the standard salt rock. The gypsum-salt in the Xiaganchaigou Formation is a layered rock mass, of which the tectonic deformation is related to the proportion of evaporite and interbedded mudstone in the entire gypsum-salt stratum section. When the proportion of evaporite is high, the plastic creep deformation of the gypsum-salt layer is dominant, while when the proportion of interbedded mudstone is high, the gypsum-salt layer mainly occurs brittle deformation. The tectonic deformation in Qaidam Basin is influenced by gypsum-salt layer, resulting in inconsistent structural styles in the supra-salt and the pre-salt strata. In the southwestern Qaidam Basin, flower structures are developed in deep strata and Y-shaped faults are developed in shallow strata. In the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, the thrust structures developed in deep and shallow strata are inconsistent. The coupling-decoupling theoretical model of salt-structure is applied to explore the relationship between deep and shallow structures. It is proposed that the thickness of gypsum-salt layer is the main controlling factor for the degree of tectonic decoupling in Qaidam Basin. The thickness of gypsum-salt layer is positively correlated with the degree of tectonic decoupling.

Key words: Qaidam Basin, salt tectonics, Xiaganchaigou Formation, tectonic decoupling, rock mechanics

中图分类号:

TE121.2

卞青, 陈琰, 张国卿, 刘润超, 王振东, 郭召杰. 柴达木盆地膏盐层岩石物理特征及其对构造变形的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 197-204.

Bian Qing, Chen Yan, Zhang Guoqing, Liu Runchao, Wang Zhendong, Guo Zhaojie. Petrophysical characteristics of the gypsum-salt layer in Qaidam Basin and its influences on tectonic deformation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(2): 197-204.

参考文献

[1] 付锁堂,马达德,陈琰,等.柴达木盆地油气勘探新进展[J].石油学报,2016,37(增刊1):1-10.
FU Suotang,MA Dade,CHEN Yan,et al.New advance of petroleum and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016,37(S1):1-10.
[2] 于福生,王彦华,李学良,等.柴达木盆地狮子沟-油砂山构造带变形特征及成因模拟[J].大地构造与成矿学,2011,35(2):207-215.
YU Fusheng,WANG Yanhua,LI Xueliang,et al.Deformation characteristics and genesis simulation of the Shizigou-Yousha-shan structural belt in Qaidamu Basin[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2011,35(2):207-215.
[3] ZHOU Jianxun,XU Fengyin,WANG Tiecheng,et al.Cenozoic deformation history of the Qaidam Basin,NW China:results from cross-section restoration and implications for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tectonics[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,243(1-2):195-210.
[4] MAO Liguang,XIAO Ancheng,ZHANG Hongwei,et al.Structural deformation pattern within the NW Qaidam Basin in the Cenozoic era and its tectonic implications[J].Tectonophysics,2016,687:78-93.
[5] BIAN Qing,ZHANG Daowei,YU Xiangjiang,et al.Transpressional salt tectonic system in western Qaidam Basin,Western China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2019,103(3):547-568.
[6] 付锁堂,马达德,郭召杰,等.柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):712-722.
FU Suotang,MA Dade,GUO Zhaojie,et al.Strike-slip superimposed Qaidam Basin and its control on oil and gas accumulation,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):712-722.
[7] 曹正林,孙秀建,吴武军,等.柴达木盆地盆缘冲断古隆起的形成演化及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油学报,2018,39(9):980-989.
CAO Zhenglin,SUN Xiujian,WU Wujun,et al.Formation and evolution of thrusted paleo-uplift at the margin of Qaidam Basin and its influences on hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(9):980-989.
[8] 马达德,陈琰,夏晓敏,等.英东油田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J].石油学报,2019,40(1):115-130.
MA Dade,CHEN Yan,XIA Xiaomin,et al.Reservoir formation conditions and key exploration & development technologies in Yingdong oilfield,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(1):115-130.
[9] HUDEC M R,JACKSON M P A.Terra infirma:understanding salt tectonics[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2007,82(1/2):1-28.
[10] 夏志远,刘占国,李森明,等.岩盐成因与发育模式——以柴达木盆地英西地区古近系下干柴沟组为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):55-66.
XIA Zhiyuan,LIU Zhanguo,LI Senming,et al.Origin and developing model of rock salt:a case study of Lower Ganchaigou Formation of Paleogene in the west of Yingxiong ridge,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):55-66.
[11] 郭荣涛,马达德,张永庶,等.柴达木盆地英西地区下干柴沟组上段超压孔缝型储层特征及形成机理[J].石油学报,2019,40(4):411-422.
GUO Rongtao,MA Dade,ZHANG Yongshu,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of overpressure pore-fracture reservoirs for Upper Member of Xiaganchaigou Formation in the west of Yingxiong ridge,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(4):411-422.
[12] 陈能贵,王艳清,徐峰,等.柴达木盆地新生界湖盆咸化特征及沉积响应[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):371-380.
CHEN Nenggui,WANG Yanqing,XU Feng,et al.Palaeosalinity characteristics and its sedimentary response to the Cenozoic salt-water lacustrine deposition in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(3):371-380.
[13] JACKSON M P A,HUDEC M R.Salt tectonics:principles and practice[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2017.
[14] 叶传永,王志明,赵世勤,等.柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖280ka以来沉积特征[J].沉积学报,2014,32(1):85-92.
YE Chuanyong,WANG Zhiming,ZHAO Shiqin,et al.Sedimentary characteristics since 280ka B.P.in Gasikule salt lake in western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(1):85-92.
[15] MASSIMI P,QUARTERONI F,SALERI F,et al.Modeling of salt tectonics[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2007,197(1/4):281-293.
[16] 高小平,杨春和,吴文,等.温度效应对盐岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1775-1778.
GAO Xiaoping,YANG Chunhe,WU Wen,et al.Experimental studies on temperature effect of mechanical properties of rock salt[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1775-1778.
[17] LIANG W,YANG C,ZHAO Y,et al.Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of bedded salt rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(3):400-411.
[18] 郤保平,赵阳升,赵金昌,等.层状盐岩温度应力耦合作用蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):90-96.
XI Baoping,ZHAO Yangsheng,ZHAO Jinchang,et al.Study on coupled thermo-mechanical creep properties of bedded rock salt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):90-96.
[19] LIU Runchao,ALLEN M B,ZHANG Qiquan,et al.Basement controls on deformation during oblique convergence:transpressive structures in the western Qaidam Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Lithosphere,2017,9(4):583-594.
[20] 马新民,刘池阳,罗金海,等.柴北缘西段新生代弧形构造带演化历史及成藏过程[J].地质与勘探,2016,52(2):316-326.
MA Xinmin,LIU Chiyang,LUO Jinhai,et al.Evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation process of the Late Cenozoic arcuate tectonic zone in the west section of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Geology and Exploration,2016,52(2):316-326.
[21] PEI Y,PATON D A,KNIPE R J,et al.Unraveling the influence of throw and stratigraphy in controlling subseismic fault architecture of fold-thrust belts:an example from the Qaidam Basin,northeast Tibetan Plateau[J].AAPG Bulletin,2018,102(6):1091-1117.
[22] HILLS E S.Elements of structural geology[M].2nd ed.London:Chapman and Hall,1972.
[23] KOYI H A,GHASEMI A,HESSAMI K,et al.The mechanical relationship between strike-slip faults and salt diapirs in the Zagros fold-thrust belt[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2008,165(6):1031-1044.
[24] RICHARD P.Experiments on faulting in a two-layer cover sequence overlying a reactivated basement fault with oblique-slip[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(4):459-469.
[25] DOOLEY T P,SCHREURS G.Analogue modelling of intraplate strike-slip tectonics:a review and new experimental results[J].Tectonophysics,2012,574-575:1-71.
[26] SMIT J,BRUN J P,FORT X,et al.Salt tectonics in pull-apart basins with application to the Dead Sea Basin[J].Tectonophysics,2008,449(1/4):1-16.

柴达木盆地膏盐层岩石物理特征及其对构造变形的影响

Petrophysical characteristics of the gypsum-salt layer in Qaidam Basin and its influences on tectonic deformation

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	桑树勋, 郑司建, 王建国, 周效志, 刘世奇, 韩思杰, 赵伟光, 黄华州, 王冉, 汪吉林, 张志镇, 赵立明, 潘冬明, 陈同俊. 岩石力学地层新方法在深部煤层气勘探开发“甜点”预测中的应用[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(11): 1840-1853.
[2]	张世铭, 王建功, 张永庶, 张小军, 张婷静, 崔俊. 柴达木盆地西部地区下干柴沟组湖相白云岩晶间孔型储层物性下限的确定[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(1): 45-55,118.
[3]	何媛媛, 张斌, 桂丽黎, 张国卿, 袁莉. 从原油地球化学特征看致密油聚集机制——以柴达木盆地西部扎哈泉油藏为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(9): 1060-1072.
[4]	王建功, 张永庶, 李翔, 徐丽, 石亚军, 黄叶秋, 王玉林, 管斌, 张世铭, 高妍芳. 柴达木盆地西部渐新统纹理石沉积特征与原位成藏[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(8): 940-959.
[5]	田继先, 李剑, 曾旭, 孔骅, 沙威, 郭泽清, 张静, 付艳双. 柴达木盆地东坪地区原油裂解气的发现及成藏模式[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 154-162,255.
[6]	黄成刚, 张小军, 胡贵, 刘应如, 张希文, 张国辉, 李红哲, 吴梁宇. 高原咸化湖盆基底储层特征与成藏主控因素——以柴达木盆地东坪地区为例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(2): 179-196.
[7]	刘池洋, 付锁堂, 张道伟, 陈琰, 黄雷, 石亚军. 柴达木盆地巨型油气富集区的确定及勘探成效——改造型盆地原盆控源、改造控藏之范例[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1527-1537.
[8]	郭荣涛, 马达德, 张永庶, 刘波, 陈晓冬, 崔俊, 王鹏, 张庆辉, 姜营海, 李亚锋. 柴达木盆地英西地区下干柴沟组上段超压孔缝型储层特征及形成机理[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(4): 411-422.
[9]	宫清顺, 刘占国, 宋光永, 夏志远, 柳金城, 管斌, 范卫光. 柴达木盆地昆北油田冲积扇厚层砂砾岩储集层内部隔夹层[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(2): 152-164.
[10]	梁建设, 黄兴文, 蔡文杰, 王颖, 陈亮, 张义娜. 墨西哥Burgos盆地Perdido构造带Wilcox组源-汇体系及勘探前景[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1439-1450.
[11]	魏国齐, 郑雅丽, 邱小松, 孙军昌, 石磊, 赖欣. 中国地下储气库地质理论与应用[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(12): 1519-1530.
[12]	马达德, 陈琰, 夏晓敏, 魏学斌, 吴颜雄, 袁莉, 何柳. 英东油田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(1): 115-130.
[13]	曹正林, 孙秀建, 吴武军, 田光荣, 张世铭, 李海滨, 孙知明, 徐丽, 王瑞菊. 柴达木盆地盆缘冲断古隆起的形成演化及对油气成藏的影响[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(9): 980-989.
[14]	张斌, 何媛媛, 陈琰, 孟庆洋, 黄家旋, 袁莉. 柴达木盆地西部咸化湖相优质烃源岩形成机理[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(6): 674-685.
[15]	王海学, 刘志达, 沙威, 付晓飞, 孙永河, 赵政权, 卢明旭, 吴桐. 高孔隙性砂岩内变形带特征及对流体流动的影响——以柴达木盆地西缘油砂山背斜为例[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(5): 554-563.