中煤阶煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式和勘探方向

doi:10.7623/syxb202012009

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1555-1566.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202012009

所属专题：《石油学报》创刊40周年专辑

中煤阶煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式和勘探方向

康永尚^1,2, 邓泽³, 皇甫玉慧⁴, 毛得雷⁵

1. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京 102249;
2. 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249;
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
4. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院北京 100871;
5. 中石油煤层气有限责任公司北京 100028

收稿日期:2020-03-16 修回日期:2020-08-04 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-06
通讯作者: 皇甫玉慧,女,1993年5月生,2017年获中国石油大学(北京)学士学位,2020年获中国石油大学(北京)硕士学位,现为北京大学博士研究生,主要从事油气勘探开发研究工作。Email:huangfuyh@163.com
作者简介:康永尚,男,1964年11月生,1984年获中国矿业学院学士学位,1991年获法国洛林理工学院博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)教授,主要从事非常规油气勘探开发、油气储量及价值评估研究。Email:kangysh@sina.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05044-005和2016ZX05041-001）资助。

Accumulation model and exploration direction of high- to over-saturation zone of the midium-rank coalbed methane

Kang Yongshang^1,2, Deng Ze³, Huangfu Yuhui⁴, Mao Delei⁵

1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing 102249, China;
3. PetroChina Research Institution of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
4. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
5. Petrochina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Beijing 100028, China

Received:2020-03-16 Revised:2020-08-04 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国低、中、高煤阶煤层气的资源量各占总资源量的1/3，中煤阶煤层气的勘探开发取得了一定的进展。在解剖分析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘保德区块、临兴区块和准噶尔盆地白杨河矿区、白家海凸起等地区的煤层气分布深度、成因以及高饱和—超饱和带分布特征的基础上，总结出煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式。研究表明：①在中国中—西部盆地中，中煤阶煤层存在的深度和深度区间很大，这为中煤阶煤层气的开发提供了巨大的埋深空间，此外，中煤阶煤层气以热成因气为主，个别区块的浅层有一定程度的次生生物气补给；②针对中国煤储层渗透率低的现实，寻找高含气饱和—超含气饱和带是高效开发煤层气的关键，其中，煤层气的高饱和—超饱和带包括次生生物气补充型、二次热生烃补充型和深层型3种；③次生生物气补充型高饱和—超饱和带出现在浅层淡水入渗的影响范围内，二次热生烃补充型高饱和—超饱和带出现的深度与岩浆侵入影响的深度有关，这2种成藏模式出现在局部地区，深层高饱和—超饱和带从机理上来看较普遍，且已得到勘探实践的证实；④在积极探索次生生物气补充型和二次热生烃补充型高饱和—超饱和带的同时，寻找深层超饱和煤层气的"甜点区"，这可能成为中国煤层气未来勘探开发的重要发展方向；5利用常规油气井对深层煤层气进行探索可能是深层高饱和—超饱和带煤层气开发最有效的方式，而对于新钻的穿过深层煤层的常规油气井，应注意煤层取样和煤储层评价工作，以尽快发现更多的深层超饱和煤层气。

关键词: 中煤阶, 煤层气, 等温吸附, 吸附饱和度, 高饱和带—超饱和带, 成藏模式

Abstract:

In China, the low-, medium-and high-rank coalbed methane (CBM) resources account for 1/3 of the total resource amount, respectively. The exploration and development of medium-rank CBM has made some progress. Based on analyzing the distribution depth, genesis, and distribution characteristics of CBM in Baode and Linxing blocks of the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, Baiyanghe mining area and Baijiahai uplift of Junggar Basin, and other areas, this paper summarizes the accumulation model of the high-to over-saturation zone of CBM. (1) In the central and western basins of China, the depth and depth interval of the medium-rank coalbeds are very large, providing a huge burial depth space for the development of medium-rank CBM. In addition, the medium-rank CBM is dominated by thermogenic gas, and a certain amount of secondary biogenic gas is supplied to the shallow layers of individual blocks. (2) In view of the low permeability of coal reservoirs in China, exploring high or over saturation gas zones are the key for the efficient development of CBM. Three types of high-to over-saturation CBM zones are secondary biogenic gas supplement type, secondary thermal generation of hydrocarbon supplement type, and deep layer type, respectively. (3) The high-to over-saturation zone recharged by secondary biogenic gas appears in the influence range of shallow freshwater infiltration. The depth of the high-to over-saturation zone recharged by secondary thermal generation of hydrocarbon is related to the depth range of magma intrusion. These two accumulation models appear in local areas. The deep high-to over-saturation zones are common as judged in terms of mechanism, and have been confirmed by exploration practices. (4) To search for the "sweet spot" of deep over-saturation CBM in China during actively exploring the high-to over-saturation zones recharged by secondary biogenic gas and secondary thermal generation of hydrocarbon may become an important development direction for China's CBM exploration and development in the future. (5) Using conventional oil and gas wells to explore deep CBM may be the most effective way to develop CBM in the deep high-to over-saturation zone. For newly drilled conventional oil and gas wells that penetrate through deep coalbeds, attention should be paid to coalbed sampling and coal reservoir evaluation, so as to discover more over-saturation CBM at depth as soon as possible.

Key words: medium-rank coal, coalbed methane, isothermal adsorption, adsorption saturation, high- to over-saturation zone, accumulation model

中图分类号:

TE122.3

康永尚, 邓泽, 皇甫玉慧, 毛得雷. 中煤阶煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式和勘探方向[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1555-1566.

Kang Yongshang, Deng Ze, Huangfu Yuhui, Mao Delei. Accumulation model and exploration direction of high- to over-saturation zone of the midium-rank coalbed methane[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1555-1566.

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中煤阶煤层气高饱和—超饱和带的成藏模式和勘探方向

Accumulation model and exploration direction of high- to over-saturation zone of the midium-rank coalbed methane

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