中国华南地区下寒武统烃源岩沉积环境、发育模式与分布预测

doi:10.7623/syxb202012010

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1567-1586.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202012010

所属专题：《石油学报》创刊40周年专辑

中国华南地区下寒武统烃源岩沉积环境、发育模式与分布预测

朱光有¹, 赵坤^1,2, 李婷婷¹, 付小东³, 张志遥¹, 陈志勇¹, 王鹏举^1,2

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国地质大学(北京) 北京 100083;
3. 中国石油杭州地质研究院浙江杭州 310023

收稿日期:2020-03-21 修回日期:2020-06-02 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-06
通讯作者: 朱光有,男,1973年11月生,1998年获石油大学(华东)学士学位,2003年获中国石油大学(华东)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质与深层油气富集规律研究。Email:zhuguangyou@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目"古老碳酸盐岩油气成藏分布规模与关键技术"（2019B-04）和"深层烃源岩形成与分布"（2018A-0102）资助。

Sedimentary environment,development model and distribution prediction of Lower Cambrian source rocks in South China

Zhu Guangyou¹, Zhao Kun^1,2, Li Tingting¹, Fu Xiaodong³, Zhang Zhiyao¹, Chen Zhiyong¹, Wang Pengju^1,2

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. China University of Geoscience(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
3. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310023, China

Received:2020-03-21 Revised:2020-06-02 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早寒武世是地史中生命爆发的重要时期，海侵作用导致全球广泛发育富含有机质的黑色页岩，将其成就为全球油气最为重要的勘探层系之一。中国华南地区虽然也广泛发育下寒武统黑色页岩，但是由于受古地貌、沉积相、后期构造变动等因素影响，导致烃源岩空间分布差异大、非均质性强，给油气勘探带来风险。在前人大量基础研究工作的基础上，通过对华南地区11个露头剖面和3口钻孔资料的调研收集、以及新观察采集1个剖面的样品测试分析，综合运用主微量元素、铁组分、有机碳含量、古生物等分析资料，系统研究了华南地区寒武系烃源岩的地质地球化学特征与成因机制。发现下寒武统烃源岩在纵向上具有自下而上水体从硫化到还原再到弱氧化、TOC逐渐降低、烃源岩质量逐渐变差的特点，微量元素和铁组分数据揭示了古海洋环境演变对优质烃源岩形成的控制作用；平面上自西向东烃源岩质量变好、TOC逐渐增高、厚度增大，表明沉积相对烃源岩分布具有控制作用，揭示了斜坡相和台地相裂陷槽内烃源岩的质量最好。基于大量分析资料和剖面对比，认为烃源岩厚度和质量明显受控于古裂陷和沉积环境。结合露头和钻井资料，对华南地区下寒武统烃源岩厚度分布开展预测，明确了深层油气和页岩气富集的有利地区。

关键词: 烃源岩, 沉积环境, 发育模式, 下寒武统, 华南地区

Abstract:

The Early Cambrian was an important life explosion period in geological history. Because of marine transgression, the black shale rich in organic matter are widely developed, and thus has become the most important hydrocarbon exploration strata in the whole world. Although the Lower Cambrian black shale is widely developed in South China, due to such factors as paleo-geomorphology, sedimentary facies, and late tectonic deformation, the source rocks have a large difference in spatial distribution and strong heterogeneity. This will bring risks to hydrocarbon exploration. Based on plenty of previous basic research work, we collect geochemical data of 11 outcrop sections and drilling data of 3 wells, as well as analyze the newly observed and collected samples from a section in South China. This paper systematically studies geological and geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of the Cambrian source rocks in the study section through the comprehensive use of major and trace elements, iron components, total organic carbon (TOC), and paleontology. It is found that the Lower Cambrian source rocks are characterized by the sulfuration, reduction and weak oxidation of water bodies from bottom to top, a gradual decrease in TOC, and gradual deterioration of source rock quality. The data of trace elements and iron components reveal the control of the paleo-ocean environment evolution on the formation of high-quality source rocks. Horizontally, the quality of source rocks becomes better from west to east, TOC gradually increased, and the thickness also increases, indicating that sedimentary facies have a controlling effect on the distribution of source rocks, discovering the highest quality source rocks in the rift trough of slope facies and platform facies. Based on plenty of analysis data and comparison of sections, it is believed that the thickness and quality of source rocks are obviously controlled by ancient rift and sedimentary environment. In combination with outcrop and drilling data, this paper predicts the thickness distribution of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in South China, and determines the favorable areas for the accumulation of deep oil and gas and shale gas.

Key words: source rock, sedimentary environment, development model, Lower Cambrian, South China

中图分类号:

TE121.3

朱光有, 赵坤, 李婷婷, 付小东, 张志遥, 陈志勇, 王鹏举. 中国华南地区下寒武统烃源岩沉积环境、发育模式与分布预测[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1567-1586.

Zhu Guangyou, Zhao Kun, Li Tingting, Fu Xiaodong, Zhang Zhiyao, Chen Zhiyong, Wang Pengju. Sedimentary environment,development model and distribution prediction of Lower Cambrian source rocks in South China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(12): 1567-1586.

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中国华南地区下寒武统烃源岩沉积环境、发育模式与分布预测

Sedimentary environment,development model and distribution prediction of Lower Cambrian source rocks in South China

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