沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术

doi:10.7623/syxb202602004

石油学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 339-361.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202602004

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术

赵晓明^1,2, 李明桦¹, 葛家旺^1,2, 许鹏³, 甄艳^1,2, 杨海风³, 齐昆^1,2, 柴永波³, 成湘^1,4, 李晨⁵

1. 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院四川成都 610500;
2. 天然气地质四川省重点实验室四川成都 610500;
3. 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司天津 300459;
4. 中国石油长庆油田公司第一采油厂陕西延安 716000;
5. 中海油研究总院有限责任公司北京 100028

收稿日期:2025-04-18 修回日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2026-03-13
通讯作者: 赵晓明,男,1982年9月生,2011年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为西南石油大学教授、博士研究生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质学、深水沉积学、非常规油气地质、二氧化碳封存与利用、人工智能与油气地质等研究。
作者简介:赵晓明,男,1982年9月生,2011年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为西南石油大学教授、博士研究生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质学、深水沉积学、非常规油气地质、二氧化碳封存与利用、人工智能与油气地质等研究。
基金资助:
四川省自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目(2024NSFJQ0065)和四川省国际科技创新合作项目(24GJHZ0465)的资助。

Exploration theory and key technologies of sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs

Zhao Xiaoming^1,2, Li Minghua¹, Ge Jiawang^1,2, Xu Peng³, Zhen Yan^1,2, Yang Haifeng³, Qi Kun^1,2, Chai Yongbo³, Cheng Xiang^1,4, Li Chen⁵

1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
2. Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
3. Tianjin Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Tianjin 300459, China;
4. No. 1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Yan'an 716000, China;
5. CNOOC Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100028, China

Received:2025-04-18 Revised:2025-09-05 Published:2026-03-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 岩性油气藏是中国各大油田增储稳产的重要勘探方向。在勘探中—后期的老油田、老层系中,关键成藏要素清晰,与油气运聚时空匹配的有效岩性圈闭的识别是勘探突破的重要攻关方向。因此,亟须认识新的岩性圈闭类型及其对应的油气藏模式。以往的观点认为,岩性油气藏的分布受控于大尺度沉积单元的空间分布特征。但实际上,当油源供给不足时,中—小尺度的沉积构型单元通过其空间组合样式会影响遮挡层的形态与规模,也能控制岩性油气藏的空间分布特征,此类油气藏被称为沉积构型主控岩性油气藏。沉积构型主控岩性油气藏的勘探潜力巨大,但因沉积构型样式复杂、砂体连通性多变,圈闭的有效性难以落实,严重制约了勘探进程。以渤海湾盆地明化镇组下段曲流河沉积为例开展的沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术研究表明:①沉积构型主控岩性油气藏的成藏模式分为垂向构型和侧向构型主控的2类岩性油气藏成藏模式;②垂向构型主控的岩性油气藏包括垂向不连通和垂向连通2种成藏模式,侧向构型主控的岩性油气藏包括条带状和叠合连片状2种成藏模式;③成因导向地震小层对比技术、基于井-震模式拟合的储层构型表征技术和砂体边界连通性评价技术可准确识别不同的岩性油气藏成藏模式,有效地指导有利岩性圈闭预测。经实例验证,沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术有效地提高了岩性油气藏勘探目标的预测精度,实现了勘探井位的有效布控,有望推动岩性油气藏挖潜进入全新阶段,开辟中国老油田、老层系油气勘探的新局面。

关键词: 沉积构型, 岩性油气藏, 岩性圈闭, 构型表征, 连通性评价

Abstract: In China, lithologic reservoirs are a key exploration focus for major oilfields to increase reserves and maintain stable production. In the mature oilfields and strata during the middle to later stages of exploration, where key accumulation factors are well-defined, identifying effective lithologic traps that are spatiotemporally aligned with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is a critical breakthrough direction. Therefore, it is essential to explore new types of lithologic traps and their corresponding reservoir models. Previous studies have suggested that the distribution of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs is controlled by the spatial distribution of large-scale sedimentary units. Actually, under the condition of insufficient hydrocarbon supply, the spatial configuration of meso- and micro-scale architectural units can influence the morphology and scale of geological baffles, and also control the spatial distribution of lithologic reservoirs. Such oil-gas reservoirs are called sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs. The sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs possess significant exploration potential. Nevertheless, it is difficult to assess trap effectiveness due to the complex sedimentary architectures and the highly variable connectivity of sand bodies, severely hindering exploration progress. Taking the Lower Member of Minghuazhen Formation in Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the research on the exploration theory and key technologies of the sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs show as follows. (1)The accumulation models of sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs are classified into two categories:those controlled by vertical architectures and those controlled by lateral architectures. (2)The vertical architecture-controlled lithologic reservoir includes both vertically disconnected and vertically connected accumulation models, while the lateral architecture-controlled reservoir includes ribbon-shaped and stacked sheet-like accumulation models. (3)The technologies including genesis-guided seismic sublayer correlation, reservoir architecture characterization based on well-seismic model fitting, and sand-body boundary connectivity evaluation can accurately identify different accumulation models of lithologic reservoirs and effectively guide the prediction of favorable lithologic traps. Validation through case studies demonstrates that the exploration theory and key technologies of sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs can effectively enhance the prediction accuracy of exploration targets for lithologic reservoirs, achieve effective deployment of exploration wells, and expect to promote the potential exploitation of lithologic reservoirs into a new phase, opening up new opportunities for hydrocarbon exploration in mature oilfields and strata in China.

Key words: sedimentary architecture, lithologic reservoir, lithologic trap, architecture characterization, connectivity evaluation

中图分类号:

TE122.3

赵晓明, 李明桦, 葛家旺, 许鹏, 甄艳, 杨海风, 齐昆, 柴永波, 成湘, 李晨. 沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(2): 339-361.

Zhao Xiaoming, Li Minghua, Ge Jiawang, Xu Peng, Zhen Yan, Yang Haifeng, Qi Kun, Chai Yongbo, Cheng Xiang, Li Chen. Exploration theory and key technologies of sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(2): 339-361.

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沉积构型主控岩性油气藏勘探理论与关键技术

Exploration theory and key technologies of sedimentary architecture-controlled lithologic reservoirs

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