石油学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1025-1036.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202506001

• 地质勘探 •    

中国深层煤岩气勘探开发重大基础科学问题与研究方向

李国欣1,2,3,4, 张斌2,5, 张君峰2,6, 赵群2,4   

  1. 1. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 北京 100007;
    2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083;
    3. 中国石油油气与新能源分公司 北京 100007;
    4. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司煤岩气重点实验室 河北廊坊 065007;
    5. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气地球化学重点实验室 北京 100083;
    6. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司天然气成藏与开发重点实验室 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27 修回日期:2025-05-26 发布日期:2025-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 李国欣,男,1971年9月生,2023年获中国石油大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事常规-非常规资源地质理论技术研究与油气勘探开发管理工作。Email:guoxinli@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性基础性项目"煤岩气富集规律与开发机理研究"(2024DJ23)和中国石油勘探开发研究院科学研究与技术开发项目"煤岩气富集机制与勘探开发关键技术研究"(2024yzz)资助。

Major basic scientific issues and research directions for exploration and development of deep coal-rock gas in China

Li Guoxin1,2,3,4, Zhang Bin2,5, Zhang Junfeng2,6, Zhao Qun2,4   

  1. 1. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100007, China;
    2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    3. PetroChina Oil, Gas and New Energy Company, Beijing 100007, China;
    4. CNPC Key Laboratory of Coal-rock Gas, Hebei Langfang 065007, China;
    5. CNPC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, Beijing 100083, China;
    6. CNPC Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Developmnet, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-04-27 Revised:2025-05-26 Published:2025-06-28

摘要: 煤岩气是近年来发现的新类型天然气资源,一般埋藏较深,部分学者也称之为深部(层)煤层气等。该类天然气勘探开发进展迅速,产量增长显著。初步研究表明,深层煤岩气在气藏特征和开发方式等方面与传统煤层气、页岩气及致密气等存在显著差异,具备成为中国天然气战略接替资源的潜力,为此新一轮油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项将针对深层煤岩气开展系列科技攻关研究。基于对前期勘探开发实践的系统分析,提出了当前深层煤岩气勘探开发亟需解决的3大基础性科学问题,并明确了未来10个重点研究方向:①基础性地质科学问题为煤岩气成藏机理与煤系全油气系统构建,其主要研究方向包括煤岩的全过程生/排烃机理与富集下限、煤系沉积与源-储耦合效应、煤岩的多重储集类型结构、煤系全油气系统及油气分布;②基础性开发科学问题为煤岩中流体的渗流机理与运移规律,其主要研究方向包括煤岩气赋存状态与运移机理、煤岩储层中流体协同产出的控制因素、多(薄)储层复杂流体系统的立体开发模型;③基础性工程科学问题为煤岩的力学特征与裂缝扩展规律,其主要研究方向包括煤岩储层的力学特性与致裂机理、煤岩-压裂介质的相互作用机理、煤岩储层失稳机理。对上述重大科学问题和重点研究方向的剖析将为深层煤岩气的高效勘探开发提供重要支撑,并为完善中国特色煤岩气及煤系全油气系统地质理论奠定基础。

关键词: 煤岩气, 成藏机理, 煤系全油气系统, 渗流机理, 运移规律, 力学特征, 裂缝扩展, 科学问题, 研究方向

Abstract: Coal-rock gas is a new type of natural gas discovered in recent years, generally buried deeper, and some scholars also call it as deep coalbed methane. The exploration and development of this type of natural gas has made rapid progress, with significantly increasing production. Preliminary research indicates that deep coal-rock gas differs significantly from traditional coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas, and other gas reservoirs in terms of reservoir characteristics and development methods, and has the potential to become a strategic replacement resource for natural gas in China. Therefore, a new round of national science and technology major projects for oil-gas exploration and development will focus on a series of scientific and technological breakthroughs in deep coal-rock gas. Based on systematical analysis, this paper summarizes the three major scientific challenges and ten key research directions for coal-rock gas exploration and development as follows. (1)The key fundamental geological issues are the accumulation mechanism of coal-rock gas and the construction of coal-measure whole petroleum system. The main research directions include the whole process mechanism of hydrocarbon generation/expulsion and enrichment lower limit of coal rocks, sedimentation and source-reservoir coupling effect of coal measures, multiple reservoir types and structures of coal rocks, and coal-measure whole petroleum system and oil-gas distribution. (2)The key fundamental development issues are the flow mechanism and migration regularities of fluid in coal beds. The main research direction include the occurrence state and migration mechanism of coal-rock gas, controlling factors of fluid co-production in coal reservoirs, and stereo development models of complex fluid systems in multiple (thin)reservoirs. (3)The key fundamental engineering issues are the mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation regularities of coal-rocks. The main research directions include the mechanical characteristics and fracturing mechanism of coal rocks, the interaction mechanism between coal rock and fracturing media, and the instability mechanism of coal reservoirs. The analysis of the above-mentioned major scientific issues and key research directions will provide important support for the efficient exploration and development of deep coal-rock gas, and lay the foundation for improving the geological theory of coal-rock gas with Chinese characteristics and coal measure whole petroleum system.

Key words: coal-rock gas, accumulation mechanism, coal-measure whole petroleum system, flow mechanism, migration regularity, mechanical characteristics, fracture propagation, scientific issue, research direction

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