关键词: 全油气系统, 北疆地区, 侏罗系烃源岩, 二叠系烃源岩, 石炭系烃源岩

Abstract: The Whole Petroleum System (WPS) theory has broken through the traditional exploration theoretical framework, with "source-reservoir coupling and orderly accumulation" as its core concept. This theory has proven effective in guiding the coordinated exploration and development of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources in northern Xinjiang area of China. In this region, there are three sets of organic-rich source rocks, i.e., the Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous-Devonian source rocks, with a total resource of 25 billion tons oil equivalent. Under the guidance of this theory, major breakthroughs have been made in three-dimensional multi-layer exploration across Junggar Basin, Tuha Basin, and Santanghu Basin. Successive reserve discoveries of shale oil in Fengcheng Formation of Mahu sag and tight oil in Jimusaer sag have been achieved over 100 million tons in Junggar Basin. Hydrocarbon exploration in the Shiqiantan sag of Junggar Basin (Carboniferous marine residual strata), Taibei sag of Tuha Basin (Jurassic coal strata), and Tiaohu-Malang sags of Santanghu Basin (Permian strata) has systematically revealed the distribution patterns of various types of oil and gas reservoirs. These findings have enabled the successful, coordinated development of both conventional and unconventional resources. Research has shown that the oil and gas accumulation in northern Xinjiang area exhibits distinct spatial zoning patterns, forming a complete distribution sequence:in-source shale oil-gas in the center, tight oil-gas with variable saturations in the slope zones, and conventional reservoirs along the basin margins. The accumulation mechanism involves multiple dynamic processes, such as buoyancy-driven migration, self-containment effects, and pressure differentials between source and reservoir, demonstrating the dynamic evolution of WPS. Future research should focus on the development of unconventional in-source resources, achieve breakthroughs in key technologies for nano-scale reservoir stimulation, advance the study of dynamic mechanisms governing the whole process from hydrocarbon generation to reservoir formation and accumulation, and establish a comprehensive evaluation technology system for WPS. Exploration practices in northern Xinjiang area have demonstrated both the scientific validity and practical value of the WPS theory, while also offering an innovative paradigm for exploring geologically complex petroliferous basins, which is of strategic significance to national energy security.

Key words: Whole Petroleum System, northern Xinjiang area, Jurassic source rock, Permian source rock, Carboniferous source rock