Abstract: To address the key scientific problems involving diverse types of continental shale oil and gas deposition, complex reservoir space and unclear reservoir genesis in China, this paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign research progress of continental deepwater sedimentary sequence, deposition system and shale oil and gas reservoirs, especially in China in the past 10 years. More importantly, in combination with the geological researches conducted by the authors' team in recent years on the deposition and reservoirs of continental shale oil and gas, the continental deepwater fine-grained sedimentary rocks are classified into four genetic types, i.e., terrestrial, endogenous, volcanic-hydrothermal, and hybrid-source types. Meanwhile, the paper proposes a comprehensive classification scheme for fine-grained sedimentary rocks based on inorganic mineral content (i.e., three end-members of carbonate minerals, felsic minerals and clay minerals), organic matter content (TOC contents ranges between 2.0% and 4.0%), and sedimentary structure (lamellar, thin-layered, and massive), and also summarizes a high-frequency cyclostratigraphic study method based on the Milankovitch astronomical orbital period, which is applicable for the subdivision and comparison of continental deepwater fine-grained sedimentary strata. Further, based on the high-frequency cyclostratigraphic correlation, a method is proposed for the industrial mapping of microphase planes of continental deepwater fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which is of important applicable value for the evaluation and prediction of favorable shale sedimentary reservoir lithologies. According to the matrix type for pore occurrence, pores in the continental shale oil and gas fine-grained sedimentary rock reservoir are divided into three categories:mineral matrix pore (or inorganic pore), organic pore, and fracture pore. Among them, the mineral matrix pore related to organic dissolution is an important storage space for shale oil and gas, and the development degree of organic matrix pore is mainly related to the degree of thermal evolution of organic matter. In general, the high degree of thermal evolution is conducive to the development of organic matter pores, and fracture pore is an important seepage channel for shale oil and gas. Moreover, the paper points out the problems requiring further studies and development directions regarding the deposition of fine-grained sedimentary rocks, formation mechanism and sweet spot evaluation of shale oil and gas reservoirs, and high-precision shale stratigraphic correlation methods.

Key words: shale oil and gas, continental, deposition, sequence, reservoir, China

摘要： 针对中国陆相页岩油气沉积类型多样、储集空间复杂及储层成因机理不清等关键科学问题，系统综述近10多年来国内外尤其是中国在陆相深水沉积层序、沉积体系、页岩油气储层等方面的研究进展，重点结合近年来所开展的陆相页岩油气沉积储层方面的地质研究工作，根据成因将陆相深水细粒沉积岩划分为陆源型、内源型、火山-热液型、混源型4类，提出基于无机矿物含量（即碳酸盐矿物、长英质矿物、黏土矿物三端元）、有机质含量（TOC含量以2.0%和4.0%为界）和沉积构造（纹层状、薄层状、块状）的细粒沉积岩综合分类方案；归纳总结了适于陆相深水细粒沉积地层细分对比的基于米兰科维奇天文轨道周期的高频旋回地层学研究方法，并在高频旋回地层对比基础上，提出了陆相深水细粒沉积岩微相平面工业化制图的方法，对于评价预测有利的页岩油气沉积储集岩相具有重要应用价值。根据孔隙赋存的基质类型将陆相页岩油气细粒沉积岩储层孔隙分为矿物基质孔隙（即无机孔）、有机质孔隙、裂缝孔隙3大类，其中，与有机溶蚀作用有关的矿物基质孔隙是页岩油气重要的储集空间，有机质孔隙的发育程度主要与有机质热演化程度有关，通常热演化程度较高有利于有机质孔隙的发育，裂缝孔隙是页岩油气的重要渗流通道。指出了细粒沉积岩沉积作用、页岩油气储层形成机理和甜点评价、页岩系地层高精度对比方法有待深入研究的问题与发展方向。

关键词: 页岩油气, 陆相, 沉积, 层序, 储层, 中国