Abstract: In the context of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", ammonia has zero-carbon energy properties as well as easier storage and transportation, higher energy density, higher safety and more complete infrastructure than hydrogen. Coupled with advances in ammonia production, storage and transportation and application technologies, as well as its economic competitiveness in the whole industry chain, various countries have been attracted to the development and utilization of ammonia as an energy source. China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)possesses complete ammonia synthesis technologies as well as relevant storage and transportation facilities, and has the fundamental advantages in both ammonia production by renewable energy and application of ammonia fuel in the marine field. A deep analysis was performed on CNPC’s development pathways for the production of blue and green ammonia in the upstream sectors, the low-cost ammonia storage and transportation in the midstream sectors as well as the application pathways for ammonia in the downstream sectors as hydrogen carrier, fuel for combustion and raw materials for ammonia cells. It is proposed that there are three development stages for CNPC’s ammonia energy industry:(1)strategic planning during 2024-2025; (2)steady progress during 2026-2035; (3)large-scale development during 2036-2050. CNPC will explore three major businesses, i.e., ammonia production, ammonia storage and transportation and ammonia energy application. It will focus on five key technologies:(1)energy-saving blue ammonia production process technology; (2)flexible ammonia synthesis technology based on renewable energy; (3)low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production; (4)key technology for ammonia combustion; (5)key technology for ammonia fuel cells. In addition, it will also build five demonstration projects:(1)industrialization demonstration of blue ammonia production; (2)industrialization demonstration of renewable energy electrolysis for hydrogen production followed by low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia synthesis; (3)industrialization demonstration of 10 000-ton ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production; (4)industrialization demonstration of heavy oil thermal recovery with ammonia-assisted combustion; (5)industrialization demonstration for co-generation of heat and power by ammonia fuel cell. Realizing high-quality development of the ammonia energy industry can contribute petroleum resources to the construction of China’s new energy system.

Key words: carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, ammonia energy, green ammonia, hydrogen carrier, ammonia fuel

摘要： 在"双碳"背景下,氨具有"零碳"能源属性,比氢更易储运,能源密度和安全性更高以及具备更完善的基础设施等优势,同时在氨制备、储运以及应用技术上的进步,使其在全产业链上具备经济竞争优势,从而吸引世界各国将氨做为能源进行开发利用。中国石油天然气集团有限公司(中国石油)具有完备的合成氨工艺技术与氨储运设施,以及用可再生能源制氨、发展船用领域氨燃料的基础优势。通过深入分析中国石油在上游蓝氨、绿氨制备的发展路径,在中游低成本氨储运的发展路径,以及在下游氨作为氢载体、燃料燃烧和氨电池原料应用路径。提出了中国石油氨能产业的3个发展阶段:①2024—2025年,战略布局阶段;②2026—2035年,稳步推进阶段;③2036—2050年,规模发展阶段。氨能产业需要发展3大业务:氨制备、氨储运以及氨能应用。需要攻关5大关键技术:①低能耗蓝氨生产工艺技术;②基于可再生能源的柔性合成氨技术;③低温低压氨分解制氢技术;④氨燃烧关键技术;⑤氨燃料电池关键技术。需要构建大示范工程:①蓝氨制备工业化示范;②可再生能源电解制氢—低温低压合成氨工业化示范;③万吨级氨分解制氢工业化示范;④稠油热采掺氨燃烧工业化示范;⑤氨燃料电池热电联供示范。实现氨能产业高质量发展,可以为建设中国新型能源体系贡献石油力量。

关键词: "双碳", 氨能, 绿氨, 氢载体, 氨燃料