Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 891-908.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202505004

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles    

Genesis and evolution of overpressure in Lower Paleozoic Carbonate rocks of Ordos Basin

Du Hao1, Liu Yifeng1, Fan Liyong2, Ma Zhanrong3, Luo Xiaorong4, Shen Anjiang5, Zeng Shuai6   

  1. 1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Zhoushan 316021, China;
    2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
    3. Exploration Department, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Shaanxi Xi'an 710018, China;
    4. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710127, China;
    5. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Zhejiang Hangzhou 310063, China;
    6. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102299, China
  • Received:2024-07-29 Revised:2025-01-04 Published:2025-06-10

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩超压成因及演化过程

杜浩1, 刘一锋1, 范立勇2, 马占荣3, 罗晓容4, 沈安江5, 曾帅6   

  1. 1. 浙江大学海洋学院 浙江舟山 316021;
    2. 中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院 陕西西安 710018;
    3. 中国石油长庆油田公司勘探事业部 陕西西安 710018;
    4. 西北大学地质学系 陕西西安 710127;
    5. 中国石油杭州地质研究院 浙江杭州 310063;
    6. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院 北京 102299
  • 通讯作者: 刘一锋,男,1987年11月生,2016年获中国石油大学(北京)地质学博士学位,现为浙江大学海洋学院副教授,主要从事含油气盆地温压场研究。Email:liuyf1103@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杜浩,男,1998年3月生,2022年获中国地质大学(北京)资源勘查工程(能源)专业学士学位,现为浙江大学海洋学院硕士研究生,主要从事油气成藏期次和地层压力成因演化研究。Email:dh1998@Foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(No.42272138,No.U23B20154)、中国石油长庆油田公司科技重大专项(ZDZX2021-01)和中国石油天然气集团有限公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室开放基金项目(RIPED-2023-JS-2579)资助。

Abstract: Recent hydrocarbon explorations have revealed the development of overpressure in the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of Ordos Basin. Based on the measured data of formation pressure and drilling fluid, this study clarifies the distribution characteristics of abnormal high pressure in the Lower Paleozoic strata of Ordos Basin. Combined with logging curve combinations, loading-unloading curve characteristics and geological context analysis, the primary genetic mechanisms of formation overpressure have been identified. Furthermore, the applications of in-situ U-Pb dating, fluid inclusion microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and basin modelling enable the reconstruction of pressure evolution process in the Lower Paleozoic strata. Results indicate that abnormal high pressure is developed in both Cambrian and Ordovician strata in eastern Ordos Basin, with slightly higher pressure coefficients observed in the Ordovician strata. The overpressure in the Lower Paleozoic strata is predominantly distributed in the east of basin, where strong overpressure is concentrated near Well Mi104, Well Mitan1, and Well Gaoping1. In contrast, the west of basin mainly exhibits normal pressure. Fluid expansion is identified as the main mechanism causing overpressure in the Ordovician strata. The overpressure in the Ordovician strata of Ordos Basin has been existed since the Early Triassic due to the continuous hydrocarbons charging, reaching its peak at the end of the Early Cretaceous. The gypsum-salt layers in the east of basin serve as high-quality cap rocks, playing a crucial role in the long-term preservation of overpressure.

Key words: Lower Paleozoic carbonate rock, overpressure, Ordos Basin, fluid inclusion, in-situ U-Pb dating

摘要: 最新的油气勘探表明,鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩中发育超压。基于实测地层压力和钻井液数据厘清了鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界异常高压的分布特征;结合测井曲线组合、加载-卸载曲线特征及地质背景分析,明确了地层超压形成的主要成因机制;并综合应用原位U-Pb定年、流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼光谱和盆地模拟等技术,恢复了下古生界地层压力的演化过程。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地东部寒武系和奥陶系均发育异常高压,奥陶系的压力系数略高于寒武系;下古生界超压主要发育在盆地东部,其中,强超压集中在米104井、米探1井和高平1井附近,而盆地西部主要为常压环境;流体膨胀作用是奥陶系超压的主要成因;鄂尔多斯盆地的奥陶系自早三叠世以来随着烃类的持续充注开始出现超压,并在早白垩世末期达到高峰;盆地东部的膏盐岩层作为优质盖层为地层超压的长期保存起到了关键作用。

关键词: 下古生界碳酸盐岩, 超压, 鄂尔多斯盆地, 流体包裹体, 原位U-Pb定年

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