Abstract: China is rich in deep oil-gas resources, showing a great exploration potential. The exploration history of deep reservoirs as well as oil-gas exploration practice indicate that geophysical techniques play an extremely important role. Focusing on key challenges such as large burial depth, weak seismic reflection energy, low imaging accuracy and complex reservoirs in the deep target strata, scientific research and technical breakthroughs have been performed and made on seismic equipment, acquisition, processing and interpretation, as well as gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic joint exploration, thus forming a set of seismic technologies for deep oil-gas exploration. Extensive practices have shown that the large-tonnage broadband vibroseis is an important technique for improving deep seismic signal energy and signal-to-noise ratio, the "broadband, wide azimuth and high density" (BWH)seismic acquisition technology is an effective way to achieve the target for deep oil and gas exploration; weak signal processing, complex structure imaging, and 5D seismic interpretation technique are key processing and interpretation techniques to solve all problems in deep exploration. Moreover, the combination of multiple physical fields, such as gravity, magnetism, electricity and seismic exploration, is an efficient method to reduce the risk of deep exploration and development. These geophysical techniques have been successfully applied in some basins in China, such as Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, which have provided supports for making major breakthroughs such as the discovery of 1 billion-ton gas field in Fuman area of Tarim Basin, and a trillion cubic meter gas area in Penglai area of the north slope of central Sichuan Basin. Facing the current and future demands for geological research, discoveries in hydrocarbon exploration, safe and efficient drilling during deep exploration, it is recommended to continuously make breakthroughs in five aspects, i.e., basic theory, acquisition, processing, target identification, wellbore seismic and non-seismic techniques, actively expand the exploration fields of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas, and carry out research and on-site experiments of marine geophysical exploration technology based on ocean bottom node (OBN), thus providing technical support for deep sea exploration.

Key words: deep oil-gas exploration, BWH seismic acquisition, broadband vibroseis, week signal processing, complex structure imaging, 5D interpretation technique

摘要： 中国深层油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大。深地探测历程和油气勘探实践表明,地球物理技术发挥了极其重要的作用。聚焦深层勘探目的层埋藏深度大、地震能量弱、成像精度低、储层复杂等关键难题,对地震装备、采集、处理、解释和重力-磁法-电法-地震联合勘探开展了科学研究和技术攻关,形成了深层油气勘探地震配套技术。大量实践证明,大吨位宽频可控震源是提高深层信号能量和信噪比的重要装备,"两宽一高"(宽频、宽方位、高密度)地震采集技术是实现深层油气目标勘探的有效手段,深层弱信号处理技术、深层复杂构造成像技术及五维地震解释技术是解决深层勘探的关键处理解释技术,重力、磁法、电法、地震等多物理场联合是降低深层油气勘探开发风险的有效途径。深层油气勘探地震配套技术已在塔里木盆地、四川盆地等多个盆地成功应用,支撑了塔里木盆地富满地区发现10亿吨级大油田、四川盆地川中地区北斜坡发现蓬莱万亿立方米大气区等重大突破。面向深层油气勘探当前和未来地质研究、勘探发现和安全高效钻井工程的需求,建议在基础理论、采集、处理、目标识别、井中地震与非地震5个方面开展持续攻关,积极拓展深层—超深层油气勘探领域,同时开展以深海海底节点(OBN)为核心的海洋地球物理勘探技术研发与现场实验,为深海勘探做好技术储备。

关键词: 深层油气勘探, "两宽一高"地震采集, 宽频可控震源, 弱信号处理, 复杂构造成像, 五维解释技术