Abstract: The tectonic framework in NW China resulted from the interplay among the Siberian,Khasakstan,Tarim,Tsaidam,north China,south China and north Tibet,etc.plates.The region underwent the formation of craton during Pre－Sinian,the spreading of "Limited ocean basin" in Early Paleozoic,the convergence and collision in Late Paleozoic and the inland adjustment and formation of mountains and basins from Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The basins occurring in such tectonic settings were went through extension,contraction and strike－slipping during many periods.They were chiefly characterized by four basic types such as basins developed on the intraplate crystalline basement,on the intraplate double basement,on the folded basement at plate margin and double basements at plate margin.According to the age and mechanics of the basins'formation,their tectonic types are further defined,and the prototype basins can be analyzed during different periods.They developed 14 kinds of proto－type basins in the area in all,which are aboundant in oil and gas,favorable for accumulations of oil and gas.However,they were extensively deformed during their late history.The cratonic basins and foreland basins are the main targets for petroleum exploration in NW China.

Key words: China, northwestern part, plate tectonics, petroliferous basin, tectonic evolution, tectonic type

摘要： 中国西北地区的构造格局是西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、塔里木、柴达木、华北、华南、藏北等板块相互作用形成的,经历了前震旦纪古克拉通形成、早古生代“有限洋盆”扩张、晚古生代汇聚碰撞、中新生代陆内调整、山链与盆地形成的长期演化.发育在这种构造环境中的盆地经历了多期伸展、聚敛、走滑的作用,主要有板内结晶基底上、板内双重基底上、板缘褶皱基底上、板级双重基底上的盆地,据成盆时代与成盆的地球动力学机制可进一步确定盆地构造类型,解析不同时期的原型盆地.这些盆地油气资源丰富,成藏条件优越,但盆地后期改造强烈;克拉通盆地与前陆盆地是该区主要勘探领域.

关键词: 中国, 西北地区, 板块构造, 含油气盆地, 构造演化, 构造类型