Abstract: The types and configurations of source-reservoir coupling can be identified based on the shale oil and gas source-reservoir coupling, which provides a basis for the determination of ideas about shale oil and gas exploration and the efficient exploration and development of shale oil and gas. However, until now, shale oil and gas have not introduced by any scholars into a unified evaluation system for the classification of source-reservoir coupling types, which to some extent restricts the exploration and development process of shale oil and gas. In view of this, based on analyzing the source-reservoir configuration characteristics of typical marine and terrestrial shale oil and gas reservoirs in China, the source-reservoir coupling relationship of shale oil and gas is divided into three categories. Moreover, this study makes clear the geological connotations of different source-reservoir coupling types and their mechanisms controlling oil and gas enrichment, and proposes an efficient exploration approach based on the overall evaluation of shale oil and gas in China. The research results suggest that the source-reservoir coupling types of shale oil and gas can be divided into three categories: source-reservoir separation, source-reservoir coexistence, and source-reservoir integration. Specifically, the migration distance of source-reservoir separation hydrocarbons is above meter scale, and the near-source oil and gas forms sweet spots, represented by the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Sichuan Basin, the first and second submembers of Member 7 of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, and the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar sag of Junggar Basin. The source-reservoir coexistence is characterized with the multi-source supply of hydrocarbons and the coexistence of source and reservoir, of which hydrocarbons are migrated into the nearby advantageous reservoirs to make them oil-bearing as a whole, represented by the Member 2 of Permian Wujiaping Formation in Sichuan Basin, the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in Sichuan Basin, and the Member 4 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Jiyang depression of Bohai Bay Basin. The source-reservoir integration indicates that the source rock and reservoir are in the same stratum, and hydrocarbons undergo micro migration within the stratum, represented by the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin. Sedimentary environment, biogenic silica, thermal maturity, and hydrocarbon generation/expulsion efficiency are the core elements that affect the shale oil and gas source-reservoir configuration and furtherly control the enrichment of shale oil and gas. Taking the typical shale oil and gas reservoirs in China as an example, the paper furtherly clarifies the exploration levels and ideas under the vertical multi-type source-reservoir coupling configuration at different levels of maturity. The research results are beneficial for quickly identifying and optimizing favorable intervals of shale oil and gas, providing an important scientific basis for the efficient exploration and development of shale oil and gas in China.

Key words: shale oil and gas, hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, source-reservoir coupling, hydrocarbon enrichment, exploration significance

摘要： 基于页岩油气源-储耦合思路识别源-储耦合类型及配置是明确页岩油气勘探思路、实现页岩油气高效勘探开发的基础。然而,目前尚无学者将页岩油气纳入统一评价体系进行源-储耦合类型的划分,这在一定程度上制约了页岩油气的勘探开发进程。鉴于此,通过解剖中国典型海相、陆相页岩油气层系的源-储配置特征,将页岩油气的源-储耦合关系划分为3类,明确了不同源-储耦合类型的地质内涵及其控制油气富集的机理,提出了中国页岩油气整体评价的高效勘探思路。研究结果表明:页岩油气的源-储耦合类型可分为源-储分离型、源-储共生型和源-储一体型3类;源-储分离型的烃类运移距离在米级以上,储层近源捕获油气,形成甜点,其代表性层系为四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段1亚段+2亚段和准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组;源-储共生型为多源供烃,源-储共存,烃类就近运移至优势储层内,层系整体含油气,其代表性层系为四川盆地二叠系吴家坪组二段、四川盆地侏罗系凉高山组和渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组四段;源-储一体型即烃源岩和储层为同层,烃类在层内发生微运移,其代表性层系为四川盆地奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组和松辽盆地白垩系青山口组;沉积环境、生物硅、热成熟度和生/排烃效率等是影响页岩油气源-储配置关系的核心要素,而源-储配置关系进一步控制了页岩油气的富集。以中国典型页岩油气层系为例,进一步厘清了不同成熟度下纵向上多类型源-储耦合配置关系的勘探层次和勘探思路。研究成果有利于快速识别和优选页岩油气的有利层段,为中国页岩油气的高效勘探开发提供重要科学依据。

关键词: 页岩油气, 成烃成储, 源-储耦合, 油气富集, 勘探意义