Abstract: China has achieved major breakthroughs in the exploration of deep coal-rock gas, marking a strategic shift from traditional shallow coalbed methane to deep coal-rock gas. As a high-quality source rock, coal-rock is characterized by high organic matter abundance, continuous gas generation throughout its entire evolution process, and strong storage capacity, which is conducive to the formation of coal-rock gas reservoir where adsorbed and free gases coexist. Based on the new theory of "whole petroleum system of coal measures", this paper reveals the accumulation mechanism and resource potential of coal-rock gas. The preliminary evaluations indicate that the deep coal-rock gas resources with a burial depth greater than 1 500 meters exceed 100×10¹²m³ in China, approximately twice that of conventional natural gas resources, providing a resource foundation for the formation of super-large gas fields. In Daji block of Ordos Basin, large-scale development has been achieved through the application of horizontal well and volumetric fracturing technologies, with an average daily production of 12×10⁴m³ per well and cumulative proven reserves of 1 452×10⁸m³, demonstrating promising development prospects. At present, China has established a series of key technological systems, including experimental testing, optimized drilling and completion, fracturing stimulation, and volume development, which support the efficient extraction of coal-rock gas. However, challenges still exist in coal-rock gas development, such as incomplete theoretical system, unclear sedimentary evolution mechanisms, and insufficient research on accumulation mechanisms. To address these issues, it is suggested to systematically conduct nationwide resource assessments, strengthen exploration in key areas, optimize mining right management, and promote theoretical innovation and demonstration applications. These efforts will provide strategic support for increasing natural gas reserves and production and enhancing China’s energy self-sufficiency capacity.

Key words: coalbed methane, coal-rock gas, coal-rock, full petroleum system of coal measures, resource potential, problems and countermeasures, development strategy

摘要： 中国在深层煤岩气勘探领域取得重大突破,实现了从传统浅部煤层气向深层煤岩气的战略性转变。煤岩作为优质烃源岩,具有有机质丰度高、全演化过程持续生气、储集性能强等显著特征,可形成吸附态与游离态共存的煤岩气藏。基于"煤系全油气系统"新理 论,揭示了煤岩气在煤系地层中的成藏机制与资源潜力。初步评价表明,中国埋深大于1 500 m的深层煤岩气资源量超过100× 10¹²m³,约为常规天然气资源的2倍,具备形成超级大气田的资源基础。鄂尔多斯盆地大吉区块通过"水平井+体积压裂"技术实现了规模化开发,单井的平均日产量达12×10⁴m³,累计探明储量达1 452×10⁸m³,展现了良好的开发前景。目前,中国已形成实验测试、优快钻完井、压裂改造和体积开发等关键技术体系,支撑了煤岩气的高效开发。然而,煤岩气的发展仍面临理论体系不完善、沉积演化机制不明、成藏机理研究不足等挑战。为此,建议系统开展全国资源评价,加强重点领域勘探,优化矿业权管理,推动理论技术创新与示范应用,为实现天然气增储上产,提升能源的自主保障能力提供战略支撑。

关键词: 煤层气, 煤岩气, 煤岩, 煤系全油气系统, 资源潜力, 问题与对策, 发展战略