Abstract: Although the Whole Petroleum System theory has gained substantial attention, an effective evaluation and characterization framework is still lacking. Following the core concept of "element-evolution-distribution", a research framework for the Whole Petroleum System was established. Taking the Whole Petroleum System of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia-Gulong sag of Songliao Basin as the study case, this paper systematically elucidates its evolutionary processes and distribution patterns, and develops a characterization system comprising six maps and one table, i.e., comprehensive static element map, burial history map, hydrocarbon accumulation event map, hydrocarbon ordered distribution map for key strata, profile distribution map, planar distribution map, and hydrocarbon summary table. The main findings are as follows. (1)The "element-evolution-distribution" integrated research concept was systematically proposed. Taking the Qingshankou Formation in Qijia-Gulong sag as a representative case, a Whole Petroleum System research framework suitable for continental basins was established, which provides a paradigm for studying the Whole Petroleum System in comparable geological settings. (2)The dynamic evolutionary process of conventional and unconventional reservoirs in the Whole Petroleum System of Qingshankou Formation was clarified. It was identified that at the end of Nenjiang Formation deposition, the source rocks of Qingshankou Formation entered the peak hydrocarbon-expulsion stage while the reservoirs had not yet undergone compaction, allowing conventional oil to accumulate first. From the end of Nenjiang Formation deposition to the end of Mingshui Formation deposition, source-reservoir systems evolved synergistically. The reservoirs were progressively tightened and trapped high-maturity oils, thus forming tight oil reservoirs. The key retention period for shale oil was from Nenjiang Formation deposition stage to the Early Paleogene. (3)The spatial distribution of the Whole Petroleum System of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia-Gulong sag was described at two hierarchical levels, i.e., the internal stratigraphic distribution and the overall system-wide distribution. In Qingshankou Formation, shale oil, tight oil, and conventional oil reservoirs develop successively from the basin center toward the margins, exhibiting an orderly spatial pattern. (4)The "six-map-and-one-table" characterization system was established for the first time, enabling a comprehensive depiction of the Whole Petroleum System across multiple dimensions, including geological element assemblages, geological evolutionary processes, temporal-spatial coupling of hydrocarbon accumulation, and spatial distribution characteristics. This study advances and refines the Whole Petroleum System theory and provides theoretical and technical support for hydrocarbon exploration in continental basins.

Key words: Whole Petroleum System, element, evolution, sequential distribution, "six-map-and-one-table", Qijia-Gulong sag, Qingshankou Formation

摘要： 尽管全油气系统理论已受到广泛关注,但目前仍缺乏有效的评价表征体系。以"要素-演化-分布"为核心研究思路,构建了全油气系统的研究框架,并以松辽盆地齐家—古龙凹陷青山口组全油气系统为研究对象,系统揭示了其演化过程与分布规律,创建了"六图一表"(静态要素综合柱状图、埋藏史图、成藏事件图、重点层系油气有序分布图、剖面分布图、平面分布图和油气汇总表)表征体系。取得的主要成果包括:①系统提出"要素-演化-分布"一体化研究思路,以齐家—古龙凹陷青山口组为典型实例,建立了适用于陆相盆地的全油气系统研究框架,为同类地质背景下的全油气系统研究提供了范式。②阐明了青山口组全油气系统内部常规—非常规油藏动态演化过程,明确了青山口组烃源岩在嫩江组沉积末期进入排烃高峰阶段,此时储层尚未致密,常规油率先成藏;在嫩江组沉积末期—明水组沉积末期,源-储协同演化,储层逐渐致密化并捕获高成熟度原油形成致密油藏;页岩油滞留关键期在嫩江组沉积期—古近纪早期。③从层系内部分布与系统整体分布2个层次揭示了齐家—古龙凹陷青山口组全油气系统的空间分布特征,在青山口组内部,从湖盆中心向边缘依次发育页岩油藏、致密油藏和常规油藏,呈现出有序分布的格局。④首次构建了"六图一表"表征体系,从地质要素组合、地质演化过程、成藏时空耦合和空间分布特征等多维度实现了对全油气系统的全面刻画。该研究深化发展了全油气系统理论,为陆相盆地的油气勘探提供了理论与技术支撑。

关键词: 全油气系统, 要素, 演化, 序列分布, "六图一表", 齐家—古龙凹陷, 青山口组