The Whole Petroleum System of Beibuwan Basin

doi:10.7623/syxb202604004

Acta Petrolei Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 772-790.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202604004

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles

The Whole Petroleum System of Beibuwan Basin

Fan Caiwei¹, Jia Chengzao^2,3, Hu Desheng¹, Zhao Wen^2,3, You Junjun¹

1. Zhanjiang Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Guangdong Zhanjiang 524057, China;
2. China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100007, China;
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-07-25 Revised:2025-12-16 Published:2026-05-11

北部湾盆地全油气系统

范彩伟¹, 贾承造^2,3, 胡德胜¹, 赵文^2,3, 游君君¹

1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江 524057;
2. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司北京 100007;
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083

通讯作者: 游君君,男,1981年9月生,2006年获吉林大学矿产普查与勘探专业硕士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司南海西部石油研究院高级工程师,主要从事地球化学与成藏综合研究。Email:youjj@cnooc.com.cn
作者简介:范彩伟,男,1973年9月生,2023年获中国石油大学(华东)能源与环保专业博士学位,现为中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司南海西部石油研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发技术研究与管理工作。Email:fancw@cnooc.com.cn
基金资助:
海南省科技专项"南海油气资源潜力勘查与深海勘探装备研发"(ZDYF2025GXJS013)资助。

Abstract

Abstract: Beibuwan Basin is one of the six major offshore petroliferous basins in China and is characterized by the development of diverse types of hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the formation conditions of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons, as well as their ordered coexisting patterns, and sequential accumulation mechanisms remain poorly understood, thereby limiting further exploration progress. To elucidate the enrichment patterns of hydrocarbons across all reservoir types and identify potential directions for exploration breakthroughs in the basin, a systematic analysis of the Whole Petroleum System of Beibuwan Basin was conducted based on an integrated dataset comprising drilling, mud logging, well logging, seismic, and laboratory data. The results indicate the following. (1) The Eocene Liushagang Formation developed multiple sets of high-quality, widely distributed carbon-rich and algae-rich source rocks in Beibuwan Basin. Marked differences in thermal evolution are observed among different structural zones, forming a concentric zonation pattern characterized by low mature to mature oil generation in the peripheral areas, and high- to over-mature condensate and dry gas generation in the inner central zones. The whole-process hydrocarbon generation of source rocks provides abundant hydrocarbon supply for the accumulation of both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. (2) From the basin margin toward the center, prolonged sediment transport distance, weakened provenance supply, and intensified compaction result in a systematic transition from sand-rich to mud-rich lithology, accompanied by a progressive fining of grain size and increasing reservoir densification. This sequential evolutionary pattern gives rise to full-scale reservoir spaces, thereby providing different accumulation settings for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. (3) Distinct differences exist in hydrocarbon migration dynamics across structural zones. In near- and intra-sag areas, hydrocarbon migration is primarily governed by restricted or confined fluid dynamic systems, in which residual pressure serves as the primary driving force for hydrocarbon accumulation, resulting predominantly in the formation of tight hydrocarbon reservoirs through vertical backflow or shale hydrocarbon reservoirs via self-generation and self-storage. In contrast, far-sag areas are characterized by free fluid dynamics systems, where buoyancy represents the principal accumulation driving force, leading mainly to the formation of conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs through stepwise long-distance migration and accumulation. (4) The differential thermal evolution of source rocks, ordered densification of reservoirs, and dynamic evolution of fluid fields collectively control the vertical composite stacking and planar zonal distribution of source-reservoir-separated conventional reservoirs, source-reservoir-integrated shale reservoirs, and source-reservoir-adjacent tight reservoirs in Beibuwan Basin. As a result, an orderly accumulation model of full-series conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources has been established. These results further enrich and advance the fundamental theory of the whole petroleum system, propose new strategies for comprehensive hydrocarbon prospecting across all reservoir types and stratigraphic sequences in offshore continental rift lacustrine basins, and provide useful references and guidance for hydrocarbon exploration in similar basins both in China and abroad.

Key words: Whole Petroleum System, conventional oil and gas, unconventional oil and gas, orderly enrichment, accumulation model, Beibuwan Basin

摘要： 北部湾盆地是中国近海六大含油气盆地之一,其全类型油气藏发育,但常规与非常规油气的形成条件、有序共生模式及序列成藏机制等仍不清楚,制约了盆地的下一步勘探进程。为了明确北部湾盆地全类型油气富集规律与勘探突破方向,综合钻井、录井、测井、地震及分析化验等资料,对北部湾盆地全油气系统进行了系统剖析。研究结果表明:①北部湾盆地始新统流沙港组发育多套广覆式展布的"高碳富藻型"优质烃源岩,且不同区带烃源岩的热演化程度差异明显,呈现出"外围低成熟—成熟烃源岩生油,内环中心高成熟—过成熟烃源岩生成凝析油气和干气"的环带分布格局,烃源岩的"全过程"生烃为常规-非常规油气藏的形成提供了充足的油气来源;②从凹陷边缘到凹陷中心,随着沉积物搬运距离增加、物源供给能力减弱及压实作用增强,呈现出岩性由富砂渐变为富泥,粒度由粗到细,储层逐渐致密化的序次变化特征,由此形成的"全尺度"储集空间为常规-非常规油气藏提供了差异聚集场所;③不同区带的油气运移动力存在差异,其中,近洼陷区及洼陷区以局限流体动力场或束缚流体动力场为主,剩余动力为主要成藏动力,以垂向倒灌形成致密油气藏或自生自储形成页岩油气藏为主,而远洼区以自由流体动力场为主,浮力为主要成藏动力,以阶梯式远距离运聚形成常规油气藏为主;④烃源岩的差异热演化、储层的有序致密化、流体动力场的动态演化共同控制了北部湾盆地"源-储分离型"常规油气藏、"源-储一体型"页岩油气藏和"源-储紧邻型"致密油气藏中纵向上呈复式叠置,在平面上呈环带的分布特征,由此构建了"全系列"常规-非常规油气资源呈有序共生的格局。研究成果进一步丰富和发展了全油气系统理论,拓宽了海域陆相断陷湖盆开展全类型、全层系找油气的新思路,并为国内外类似盆地的油气勘探起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。

关键词: 全油气系统, 常规油气, 非常规油气, 有序富集, 成藏模式, 北部湾盆地

CLC Number:

TE122.3

Fan Caiwei, Jia Chengzao, Hu Desheng, Zhao Wen, You Junjun. The Whole Petroleum System of Beibuwan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2026, 47(4): 772-790.

范彩伟, 贾承造, 胡德胜, 赵文, 游君君. 北部湾盆地全油气系统[J]. 石油学报, 2026, 47(4): 772-790.

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The Whole Petroleum System of Beibuwan Basin

北部湾盆地全油气系统

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