源热共控论

doi:10.7623/syxb201205001

石油学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 723-738.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201205001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

源热共控论

张功成

中海油研究总院　北京　100027

收稿日期:2012-01-07 修回日期:2012-04-26 出版日期:2012-09-25 发布日期:2012-11-27
通讯作者: 张功成
作者简介:张功成，男，1966年1月生，1988年获西北大学学士学位，1994年获中国地质大学（北京）博士学位，现为中国海洋石油总公司专家、中海油研究总院勘探研究院总地质师，主要从事石油地质学研究与油气勘探工作。
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划（973）项目“南海深水盆地油气资源形成与分布基础性研究”（2009CB219400）、国家重大科技专项（2008ZX05025、2011ZX05025）、国土资源部全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目（XQ-2004-05、XQ-2007-05）资助。

Co-control of source and heat: the generation and distribution of hydrocarbons controlled by source rocks and heat

ZHANG Gongcheng

Received:2012-01-07 Revised:2012-04-26 Online:2012-09-25 Published:2012-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

源热共控油气形成，潜在烃源岩是油气形成的内因，热是油气形成的外因，内因和外因缺一不可，二者相互耦合作用控制了含油气区内油气的生成与否、生烃规模、相态（石油或天然气）类型与区域分布模式。潜在烃源岩控制因素包括烃源岩类型、丰度和规模。热场类型分“热”、“温”和“冷”场3类，热演化有增温型、减温型和多幕型。对潜在的生烃凹陷来说，源热之间存在源足热足、源足热欠、源欠热足和源欠热欠4种耦合关系。源足热足型凹陷能形成生烃凹陷，包括富生烃凹陷或含油气凹陷；源足热欠型凹陷、源欠热足型凹陷在源热互补条件下也能形成生烃凹陷或富生烃凹陷；源欠热欠型凹陷不能生烃。源热共控油气区油田、气田和油气田在空间上的有序分布，在纵向上有下气上油型及下油上气型，在平面上有内带外带型、内环外环型及分区型等。源热共控含油气盆地油气储量规模，主控因素在于其源足热足型凹陷发育。将中国含油气盆地分成特富含油气盆地、富含油气盆地、中等含油气盆地、小型含油气盆地和贫含油气盆地。

关键词: 烃源岩, 热, 油气田分布, 有序性, 源热共控论

Abstract:

Hydrocarbon generation is co-controlled by source rocks and heat, which are internal and external controlling factors, respectively. The combination of these two factors controls the generation, scale, phase (oil or gas) behavior and regional distribution pattern of hydrocarbons. The controlling factors of potential hydrocarbon source rocks include the type, abundance and scale of source rocks. Their heat field consists of hot, warm and cold models and there are 3 types of thermal evolution, i.e. temperature-increasing, temperature-decreasing and complex multi-episode types. In potential hydrocarbon-generating sags, there are 4 kinds of combination between source rocks and heat, namely sufficient source and heat, sufficient source but deficient heat, deficient source but sufficient heat, and deficient source and heat. The sufficient source and heat combination can form hydrocarbon-generating sags including hydrocarbon-prolific or hydrocarbon-bearing sags, and the sufficient source but deficient heat combination or the deficient source but sufficient heat combination can also form hydrocarbon-generating or hydrocarbon-prolific sags on condition that source and heat can complement each other, while the deficient source and heat combination can not form hydrocarbon-bearing sags. In a hydrocarbon province co-controlled by source and heat, oil, gas or oil-gas layers generally have a spatially ordered distribution, which is characterized vertically by a lower oil and upper gas pattern or a lower gas and upper oil pattern, and laterally by an inner and outer belt pattern, an inner and outer circle pattern, or a zoning pattern. The scale of hydrocarbon reserves in this hydrocarbon province depends mainly on the development of the sufficient source and heat sag, and hydrocarbon-bearing basins in China can be roughly classified into extra-prolific, prolific, medium, small and poor hydrocarbon-bearing basins.

Key words: source rock, heat, oil-gas field distribution, regularity, co-control of source and heat

张功成. 源热共控论[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(5): 723-738.

ZHANG Gongcheng. Co-control of source and heat: the generation and distribution of hydrocarbons controlled by source rocks and heat[J]. Editorial office of ACTA PETROLEI SINICA, 2012, 33(5): 723-738.

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Co-control of source and heat: the generation and distribution of hydrocarbons controlled by source rocks and heat

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