石油学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 255-266.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201703002

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地南北分异及油气勘探启示

任荣, 管树巍, 吴林, 朱光有   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-10 修回日期:2017-02-03 出版日期:2017-03-25 发布日期:2017-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 管树巍,男,1970年6月生,1993年获长春地质学院学士学位,2004年获浙江大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院石油地质实验研究中心高级工程师,主要从事含油气盆地构造分析工作。Email:guan@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:任荣,男,1985年10月生,2008年获吉林大学地质学专业学士学位,2013年获北京大学构造地质学专业博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院博士后,主要从事区域构造与石油地质研究。Email:rr@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国石油天然气股份有限公司 "油气勘探新领域、新理论、新方法、新技术研究"项目(2014A-02)和中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M581129)资助。

The north-south differentiation characteristic and its enlightenment on oil-gas exploration of the Neoproterozoic rift basin,Tarim Basin

Ren Rong, Guan Shuwei, Wu Lin, Zhu Guangyou   

  1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2016-11-10 Revised:2017-02-03 Online:2017-03-25 Published:2017-04-07

摘要:

综合航磁、地震、地质和地球化学资料,研究了塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地南北分异的表层构造、沉积、分布特征及深层动力学机制,揭示了裂谷盆地演化及其对寒武纪早期沉积盆地和深层烃源岩分布的控制作用。塔里木南部裂谷盆地是罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解早期超级地幔柱活动的产物,开启于南华纪早期(约780 Ma),表现为深入塔里木盆地内部的NE向坳拉槽,而北部裂谷是泛罗迪尼亚大洋板块俯冲产生的弧后裂谷盆地,开启于南华纪后期(约740 Ma),呈近EW向狭长带状横穿整个塔里木盆地。塔里木北部新元古代弧后裂谷盆地与东亚地区晚中生代—新生代弧后裂谷盆地群的形成和演化过程十分相似,均显示向洋迁移的演化特征,但塔里木裂谷盆地从早期的断陷-拗陷最终演化成被动陆缘。塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地不仅决定同裂谷期烃源岩的分布,更控制早寒武世沉积盆地的发育,使得后者"向前相似",在现今塔北隆起与中央隆起带之间很可能发育近EW向展布的南华系—震旦系同裂谷期和下寒武统玉尔吐斯组沉积期后裂谷期烃源岩。

关键词: 新元古代, 裂谷, 南北分异, 下寒武统, 塔里木盆地, 烃源岩

Abstract:

Comprehensively based on the aeromagnetic, seismic, geological and geochemical data, this paper studies the surficial structures, deposition, distribution characteristics and the deep-seated dynamical mechanism for the north-south differentiation of Neoproterozoic rift basin of Tarim Basin, and reveals the evolutionary characteristics of the rift basin and its controlling effect on the distribution of the early Cambrian sedimentary basin and the deep hydrocarbon source rocks. The southern rift basin of Tarim is the product of superplume activity occurred in the early break-up period of Rodinia Supercontinent, starting from the early Nanhua period (about 780 Ma)and shown as the NE-trending aulacogens that extended deeply inside of Tarim basin. The northern rift belongs to the back-arc rift basin derived from the subduction of Pan-Rodinia oceanic slab, starting from the late Nanhua period (about 740 Ma)and shown as the nearly EW-trending narrow band zone traversing the whole Tarim basin. The formation and evolution process of the Neoproterozoic back-arc rift basin, northern Tarim is quite similar to that of the late Mesozoic-Cenozoic back-arc rift basins in East Asia, both showing the evolutionary characteristics of oceanward migration. Nevertheless, the Tarim rift basin was finally evolved from the early fault depression-sag into the passive continental margin. The Neoproterozoic rift basin of Tarim controlled not only the distribution of syn-rifting hydrocarbon source rocks, but also the development of early Cambrian sedimentary basin, which made the latter similar to the rift basin. Thus, hydrocarbon source rocks in the nearly EW-trending Nanhua-Sinian syn-rift period and the post-rifting period of Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation are likely developed between the north Tarim uplift and the central uplift belt.

Key words: Neoproterozoic, rift, north-south differentiation, Lower Cambrian, Tarim Basin, hydrocarbon source rocks

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