沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例

doi:10.7623/syxb201603004

石油学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 318-327.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201603004

沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例

王万春¹, 刘文汇², 王国仓¹, 王成^1,3

1. 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所兰州油气资源研究中心甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 中国石油化工集团公司油气成藏重点实验室江苏无锡 214151;
3. 中国科学院大学北京 100049

收稿日期:2015-10-12 修回日期:2016-02-16 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-04-12
通讯作者: 王万春,女,1962年9月生,1984年获兰州大学学士学位,2006年获中国科学院研究生院博士学位,现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所兰州油气资源研究中心副研究员,主要从事地球化学研究工作。Email:lgas@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:王万春,女,1962年9月生,1984年获兰州大学学士学位,2006年获中国科学院研究生院博士学位,现为中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所兰州油气资源研究中心副研究员,主要从事地球化学研究工作。Email:lgas@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.41172132)和甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室专项(1309RTSA041)资助。

Biodegradation of depositional organic matter and identification of biogenic gas source rocks: an example from the Sanhu depression of Q aidam Basin

Wang Wanchun¹, Liu Wenhui², Wang Guocang¹, Wang Cheng^1,3

1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province;Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Lanzhou Center for Oil and Gas Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Sinopec Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation, Jiangsu Wuxi 214151, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2015-10-12 Revised:2016-02-16 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-04-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物气的主要组分甲烷是不同微生物菌群协同降解复杂有机质的终端产物,研究生物气生成过程中微生物对沉积有机质降解的生物标志化合物特征,对柴达木盆地东部生物气气源层识别具有重要意义。柴达木盆地三湖坳陷涩北一号气区第四系沉积物饱和烃生物标志化合物的研究发现,一些泥岩层内饱和烃组分遭受微生物降解,使部分正构烷烃和无环类异戊二烯烷烃消失,色谱不可分辨的复杂有机混合物显著升高。微生物降解作用明显的泥岩,降解参数升高,可溶有机质含量与烃转化率也显著升高,反映第四系部分泥岩层中高的可溶有机质含量与烃含量,是微生物活动和降解原始沉积有机质的产物。在微生物降解作用明显的泥岩中,检测到了丰富的产甲烷菌特殊生物标志化合物2,6,10,15,19-五甲基二十烷等,表明降解程度高的泥岩中,不仅厌氧降解细菌活动强烈,产甲烷菌活动也很强烈,是生物气的优质烃源岩。因此可以得出:可溶有机质含量,特别是其中烃含量以及微生物降解参数,是评价生物气气源岩的重要依据。

关键词: 柴达木盆地, 生物气, 生物标志化合物, 微生物降解, 气源岩

Abstract:

The major component of biogenic gas, methane, is an important end product of biogeochemical processes associated with degradation of complex sedimentary organic matter by communities of microbes. Efforts to better understand the characteristics of biomarkers as a result of biodegradation of sedimentary organic matter during gas generation are therefore valuable in assessing and constraining the potential of mudstone as source rocks for biogenic gas in the eastern Qaidam Basin. Based on the study of biomarkers in saturated hydrocarbons of the Quaternary sediments from the Sebei 1 gas field in the Sanhu depression of the Qaidam Basin, it is found that saturated hydrocarbons in some mudstone samples were biodegraded and resulted in a partial removal of n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids and a significant increase in the "unresolved complex mixture". Mudstone samples undergone obvious biodegradation processes show increased biodegradation index and remarkable increase in the contents of soluble organic matter and hydrocarbon conversion ratios, suggesting that the high contents of soluble organic matter and hydrocarbons in some of the Quaternary mudstone layers are the results of microbial activities and biodegradation of original sedimentary organic matter. Abundant particular biomarkers for methanogens, such as 2, 6, 10, 15, 19-pentamethylicosane, were detected in mudstone samples undergone obvious biodegradation processes, indicating that both methanogenic archaea and anaerobic bacteria intensely developed in these sediments and they are therefore proposed to be excellent biogenic gas source rocks. It is the contents of soluble organic matter and hydrocarbons and biodegradation index that significant for assessing and constraining the potential of mudstone as source rocks for biogenic gas.

Key words: Qaidam Basin, biogenic gas, biomarkers, biodegradation, gas source rock

中图分类号:

TE121.3

王万春, 刘文汇, 王国仓, 王成. 沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(3): 318-327.

Wang Wanchun, Liu Wenhui, Wang Guocang, Wang Cheng. Biodegradation of depositional organic matter and identification of biogenic gas source rocks: an example from the Sanhu depression of Q aidam Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(3): 318-327.

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沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例

Biodegradation of depositional organic matter and identification of biogenic gas source rocks: an example from the Sanhu depression of Q aidam Basin

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