石油学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 216-222.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201802010

• 石油工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

旋冲钻井技术的破岩及提速机理

祝效华1, 刘伟吉1,2   

  1. 1. 西南石油大学机电工程学院 四川成都 610500;
    2. 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程博士后科研流动站 四川成都 610500
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-17 修回日期:2017-11-30 出版日期:2018-02-25 发布日期:2018-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 祝效华,男,1978年7月生,2000年获西南石油学院学士学位,2005年获西南石油大学博士学位,现为西南石油大学教授、博士生导师,主要从事管柱力学和钻井提速等方面的研究。Email:zxhth113@163.com
  • 作者简介:祝效华,男,1978年7月生,2000年获西南石油学院学士学位,2005年获西南石油大学博士学位,现为西南石油大学教授、博士生导师,主要从事管柱力学和钻井提速等方面的研究。Email:zxhth113@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(No.51674214)、四川省科技计划国际合作计划项目(2016HH0008)和四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(2017TD0014)资助。

Rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism of rotary-percussive drilling technology

Zhu Xiaohua1, Liu Weiji1,2   

  1. 1. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station for Oil and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan Chengdu 610500, China
  • Received:2017-07-17 Revised:2017-11-30 Online:2018-02-25 Published:2018-03-09

摘要: 深部硬地层钻井效率低、成本高的问题是现阶段深井、超深井钻井过程中长期面临的难点问题。旋冲钻井技术由于其具有提高硬地层钻进效率、降低定向钻进中黏滑振动以及提高钻压传递效率等优点而得到认可,但旋冲钻井技术的破岩提速机理尚不够明晰,且与冲击器配合的钻头使用寿命尚达不到工业要求。基于岩石力学、岩石破碎学、损伤力学等理论结合有限元方法建立了单齿旋冲破岩的三维有限元模型,分析了单齿旋冲作用下岩石的裂纹扩展、岩屑形成、损伤演化以及破岩比功等问题。研究发现,硬地层岩石在旋冲作用下更易发生脆性破碎,旋冲钻井技术能够改善钻齿的受力状态,更好地保护切削齿,提高钻进效率;冲击幅值对破岩比功的影响程度不大,这与扭冲钻井技术不同;冲击频率对于破岩比功的影响较大;旋冲钻进技术不适用于软地层。

关键词: 旋冲钻进, 破岩机理, 提速, 硬地层, 有限元法

Abstract: Low efficiency and high cost in deep hard-formation drilling are the difficult problems currently encountered in deep and ultra-deep well drilling process for a mid-long term. Because of the advantages in enhancing hard-formation drilling efficiency, reducing stick-slip vibration in directional drilling and improving the WOB (weight on bit)transmission efficiency, the rotary-percussive drilling technology has been recognized, but its rock-breaking and ROP (rate of penetration)rising mechanism is still not clear, and yet the service life of the drilling tool matched with impacter is unable to satisfy industrial demand. Thus, based on the theories including rock mechanics, rock breaking and damage mechanics in combination with finite element method, the three-dimensional finite element model of single-tooth rotary-percussive rock breaking technology was established to analyze the rock crack growth, debris formation, damage evolution and rock-breaking specific work under the single-tooth rotary-percussive action. Meanwhile, the research indicates that under rotary-percussive action, the hard-formation rock is prone to brittle crush, and the rotary-percussive technology can improve the stress states of drill tooth to protect cutting teeth better and enhance drilling efficiency. The impact amplitude has little influence on rock-breaking specific work, which is different from torsional-percussive drilling technology. The impact frequency has a great influence on rock-breaking specific work, and the rotary-percussive technology is not suitable for soft formation.

Key words: rotary-percussive drilling, rock breaking mechanism, ROP rising, hard formation, finite element method

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