深水气井天然气水合物生成、沉积特性与防治方法

doi:10.7623/syxb202106007

石油学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 776-790.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202106007

深水气井天然气水合物生成、沉积特性与防治方法

王志远¹, 张剑波¹, 孟文波², 孙宝江¹, 孙金声¹, 王金堂^1,3, 刘大辉⁴, 王金波^1,5

1. 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院山东青岛 266580;
2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司广东湛江 524057;
3. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) 广东广州 523936;
4. 中集海洋工程研究院有限公司山东烟台 264000;
5. 东营市瑞丰石油技术发展有限责任公司山东东营 257000

收稿日期:2020-05-15 修回日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-07-06
通讯作者: 王志远,男,1981年12月生,2004年获石油大学(华东)石油工程专业学士学位,2009年获中国石油大学(华东)油气井工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气井多相流动理论及应用、海洋石油工程、水合物开发及流动保障等方面的研究工作。
作者简介:王志远,男,1981年12月生,2004年获石油大学(华东)石油工程专业学士学位,2009年获中国石油大学(华东)油气井工程专业博士学位,现为中国石油大学(华东)教授、博士生导师,主要从事油气井多相流动理论及应用、海洋石油工程、水合物开发及流动保障等方面的研究工作。Email:wangzy1209@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.51974350）、国家自然科学基金重大项目（No.51991363）、南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）人才团队引进重大专项（GML2019ZD0501）和国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0307604）资助。

Formation, deposition characteristics and prevention methods of gas hydrates in deepwater gas wells

Wang Zhiyuan¹, Zhang Jianbo¹, Meng Wenbo², Sun Baojiang¹, Sun Jinsheng¹, Wang Jintang^1,3, Liu Dahui⁴, Wang Jinbo^1,5

1. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Shandong Qingdao 266580, China;
2. Zhanjiang Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Guangdong Zhanjiang 524057, China;
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong Guangzhou 523936, China;
4. CIMC Offshore Engineering Insititute Co., Ltd., Shandong Yantai 264000, China;
5. Dongying Ruifeng Petroleum Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Dongying 257000, China

Received:2020-05-15 Revised:2021-01-05 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-07-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 井筒中天然气水合物生成和沉积形成的流动障碍是影响深水气井安全高效开发的重要因素。在深水气井不同工况下多相流动特性研究的基础上，考虑不同工况下的水合物生成和沉积特点及影响因素，建立了不同工况下的水合物流动障碍预测模型，揭示了不同工况下的水合物流动障碍形成机制，探讨了不同工况下的水合物流动障碍风险及防治方法。研究结果表明：初开井、测试、关井和冷启动工况下井筒中均存在水合物生成区域，但初开井和短时间关井工况下井筒中发生水合物流动障碍的风险较小，而测试和冷启动工况下井筒中可能会发生水合物流动障碍。上述工况下井筒中的水合物沉积层生长均是非均匀分布的，水合物沉积层厚度最大的位置是发生水合物流动障碍最危险的部位。针对深水气井不同工况的具体特点，提出了不同工况下的水合物流动障碍防治措施，并探讨了一些其他可能适用于深水气井的水合物防治方法。

关键词: 深水气井, 工况, 水合物流动障碍, 形成机制, 防治方法

Abstract: The flow barrier formed by the formation and deposition of gas hydrates in the wellbore is an important factor affecting the safe and efficient development of deepwater gas wells. Based on studying the multiphase flow characteristics under different working conditions in deepwater gas wells, considering the formation and deposition characteristics of hydrates and the influencing factors under different working conditions, this paper establishes a prediction model of and revelas the formation mechanism of the flow barrier of hydrates under different working conditions, and explores the risks of occurrence of the flow barrier of hydrates under different working conditions, as well as prevention methods. The research results show that there are areas where hydrates are formed in the wellbore under the working conditions of initial open, testing, shut-in and cold start. However, there are less risks of occurrence of the flow barrier of hydrates in wellbore under initial open flow and short-time shut-in conditions, while the flow barrier of hydrates may occur in wellbore under testing and cold start conditions. Under the above conditions, the hydrate deposits in wellbore is non-uniformly distributed, and the flow barrier of hydrates may occur in the place where the thickness of the hydrate deposits is the largest. In view of the specific characteristics under different working conditions of deepwater gas wells, this paper proposes some measures to prevent and control the flow barrier of hydrates under different working conditions, and discusses some other hydrate prevention methods that may be applicable to deepwater gas wells.

Key words: deepwater gas well, working conditions, flow barrier of hydrates, formation mechanism, prevention method

中图分类号:

TE86

王志远, 张剑波, 孟文波, 孙宝江, 孙金声, 王金堂, 刘大辉, 王金波. 深水气井天然气水合物生成、沉积特性与防治方法[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(6): 776-790.

Wang Zhiyuan, Zhang Jianbo, Meng Wenbo, Sun Baojiang, Sun Jinsheng, Wang Jintang, Liu Dahui, Wang Jinbo. Formation, deposition characteristics and prevention methods of gas hydrates in deepwater gas wells[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(6): 776-790.

参考文献

[1] 刘书杰,谢仁军,仝刚,等.中国海洋石油集团有限公司深水钻完井技术进展及展望[J].石油学报,2019,40(S2):168-173.
LIU Shujie,XIE Renjun,TONG Gang,et al.Progress and prospect of deepwater well drilling and completion technique of CNOOC[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(S2):168-173.
[2] 张功成,屈红军,张凤廉,等.全球深水油气重大新发现及启示[J].石油学报,2019,40(1):1-34.
ZHANG Gongcheng,QU Hongjun,ZHANG Fenglian,et al.Major new discoveries of oil and gas in global deepwaters and enlightenment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(1):1-34.
[3] 靳书凯,张崇,孟文波,等.陵水17-2深水气田钻完井天然气水合物生成风险及预防措施[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):93-101.
JIN Shukai,ZHANG Chong,MENG Wenbo,et al.Gas hydrate risk and preventative measures for drilling and completion operations in LS 17-2 deep water gas field[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):93-101.
[4] WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang,CHENG Haiqing,et al.Prediction of gas hydrate formation region in the wellbore of deepwater drilling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008,35(6):731-735.
[5] 胡友林,刘恒.天然气水合物对深水钻井液的影响及防治[J].天然气工业,2008,28(11):68-70.
HU Youlin,LIU Heng.Effects of natural gas hydrates on deepwater drilling fluid and control measures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(11):68-70.
[6] 欧阳传湘,马成,唐海雄,等.深水天然气井水合物预测研究[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(6):109-112.
OUYANG Chuanxiang,MA Cheng,TANG Haixiong,et al.Prediction of hydrate in deepwater natural gas wells[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(6):109-112.
[7] 许玉强,管志川,许传斌,等.深水钻井井筒中天然气水合物生成风险评价方法[J].石油学报,2015,36(5):633-640.
XU Yuqiang,GUAN Zhichuan,XU Chuanbin,et al.Risk evaluation methods of gas hydrate formation in the wellbore of deepwater drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(5):633-640.
[8] 王志远,赵阳,孙宝江,等.深水气井测试管柱内天然气水合物堵塞特征与防治新方法[J].天然气工业,2018,38(1):81-88.
WANG Zhiyuan,ZHAO Yang,SUN Baojiang,et al.Features and prevention of gas hydrate blockage in test strings of deep-water gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(1):81-88.
[9] 高永海,孟文波,崔燕春,等.深水气井水合物沉积预测新模型[J].石油学报,2019,40(8):975-982.
GAO Yonghai,MENG Wenbo,CUI Yanchun,et al.A new prediction model for hydrate deposition in deepwater gas well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(8):975-982.
[10] SLOAN E D,KOH C A.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M].Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press,2007.
[11] JASSIM E,ABDI M A,MUZYCHKA Y.A new approach to investigate hydrate deposition in gas-dominated flowlines[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2010,2(4):163-177.
[12] ARRIETA V V,TORRALBA A O,HERNANDEZ P C,et al.Case history:lessons learned from retrieval of coiled tubing stuck by massive hydrate plug when well testing in an ultradeepwater gas well in Mexico[J].SPE Production & Operations,2011,26(4):337-342.
[13] KUMAR A,LORENZO M D,KOZIELSKI K,et al.Hydrate blockage assessment in a pilot-scale subsea jumper[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:OTC,2020.
[14] 宁伏龙,张凌,蒋国盛,等.深水油基钻井液中抑制水合物形成的实验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):440-443.
NING Fulong,ZHANG Ling,JIANG Guosheng,et al.Experimental study on inhibition of hydrate in oil-based drilling fluid for deepwater drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):440-443.
[15] GAO Shuqiang.Hydrate risk management at high watercuts with anti-agglomerant hydrate inhibitors[J].Energy & Fuels,2009,23(4):2118-2121.
[16] DAVIES S R,BOXALL J A,DIEKER L E,et al.Predicting hydrate plug formation in oil-dominated flowlines[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2010,72(3/4):302-309.
[17] JOSHI S V,GRASSO G A,LAFOND P G,et al.Experimental flowloop investigations of gas hydrate formation in high water cut systems[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2013,97:198-209.
[18] LIU Yang,SHI Bohui,DING Lin,et al.Investigation of hydrate agglomeration and plugging mechanism in low-wax-content water-in-oil emulsion systems[J].Energy & Fuels,2018,32(9):8986-9000.
[19] SHI Bohui,DING Lin,LIU Yang,et al.Hydrate slurry flow property in W/O emulsion systems[J].RSC Advances,2018,8(21):11436-11445.
[20] SRIVASTAVA V,EATON M W,KOH C A,et al.Quantitative framework for hydrate bedding and transient particle agglomeration[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2020,59(27):12580-12589.
[21] QIN Hao,QU Anqi,WANG Yan,et al.Predicting hydrate plugging risk in oil dominated systems using a transient hydrate film growth prediction tool[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:OTC,2020.
[22] TURNER D,BOXALL J,YANG S,et al.Development of a hydrate kinetic model and its incorporation into the OLGA2000® transient multi-phase flow simulator[C]//The Fifth International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Trondheim,Norway,2005.
[23] LI Wenqing,GONG Jing,LÜ Xiaofang,et al.A study of hydrate plug formation in a subsea natural gas pipeline using a novel high-pressure flow loop[J].Petroleum Science,2013,10(1):97-105.
[24] LORENZO M D,AMAN Z M,KOZIELSKI K,et al.Underinhibited hydrate formation and transport investigated using a single-pass gas-dominant flowloop[J].Energy & Fuels,2014,28(11):7274-7284.
[25] SINQUIN A,CASSAR C,TEIXEIRA A,et al.Hydrate formation in gas dominant systems[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.Houston,Texas,USA:OTC,2015.
[26] AMAN Z M,LORENZO M D,KOZIELSKI K,et al.Hydrate formation and deposition in a gas-dominant flowloop:initial studies of the effect of velocity and subcooling[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35:1490-1498.
[27] LIU Wenyuan,HU Jinqiu,LI Xiangfang,et al.Research on evaluation method of wellbore hydrate blocking degree during deepwater gas well testing[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2018,59:168-182.
[28] 李相方,刘文远,刘书杰,等.深水气井测试求产阶段管柱内天然气水合物防治方法[J].天然气工业,2019,39(7):63-72.
LI Xiangfang,LIU Wenyuan,LIU Shujie,et al.A prevention and control method for natural gas hydrate in pipe strings during deepwater gas well production tests[J].Natural Gas Industry,2019,39(7):63-72.
[29] WANG Zhiyuan,ZHAO Yang,SUN Baojiang,et al.Modeling of hydrate blockage in gas-dominated systems[J].Energy & Fuels,2016,30(6):4653-4666.
[30] WANG Zhiyuan,ZHANG Jianbo,SUN Baojiang,et al.A new hydrate deposition prediction model for gas-dominated systems with free water[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2017,163:145-154.
[31] WANG Zhiyuan,ZHAO Yang,ZHANG Jianbo,et al.Quantitatively assessing hydrate-blockage development during deepwater-gas-well testing[J].SPE Journal,2018,23(4):1166-1183.
[32] WANG Zhiyuan,YU Jing,ZHANG Jianbo,et al.Improved thermal model considering hydrate formation and deposition in gas-dominated systems with free water[J].Fuel,2019,236:870-879.
[33] 杨少坤,代一丁,吕音,等.南海深水天然气测试关键技术[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):237-241.
YANG Shaokun,DAI Yiding,LÜ Yin,et al.Key techniques of gas well testing in South China Sea deep water[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):237-241.
[34] 戴宗,罗东红,梁卫,等.南海深水气田测试设计与实践[J].中国海上油气,2012,24(1):25-28.
DAI Zong,LUO Donghong,LIANG Wei,et al.A DST design and practice in deep-water gasfeld,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2012,24(1):25-28.
[35] 刘文远,胡瑾秋,李相方,等.深水气井测试返排阶段水合物生成及防治研究[J].中国海上油气,2019,31(2):132-143.
LIU Wenyuan,HU Jinqiu,LI Xiangfang,et al.Study on the formation and prevention of hydrate in the backflow stage of deep water gas well test[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2019,31(2):132-143.
[36] 张振楠,孙宝江,王志远,等.产液气井泡沫排液起泡能力分析[J].石油学报,2019,40(1):108-114.
ZHANG Zhennan,SUN Baojiang,WANG Zhiyuan,et al.The foamability analysis of foam drainage in liquid-producing gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(1):108-114.
[37] 潘杰,王武杰,王亮亮,等.考虑液滴夹带的气井连续携液预测模型[J].石油学报,2019,40(3):332-336.
PAN Jie,WANG Wujie,WANG Liangliang,et al.A prediction model for continuous liquid-carrying in gas wells considering droplet entrainment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2019,40(3):332-336.
[38] WANG Zhiyuan,TONG Shikun,WANG Chao,et al.Hydrate deposition prediction model for deep-water gas wells under shut-in conditions[J].Fuel,2020,275:117944.
[39] 孙长宇,陈光进,郭天民.水合物成核动力学研究现状[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):82-86.
SUN Changyu,CHEN Guangjin,GUO Tianmin.The status of the kinetics of hydrate nucleation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(4):82-86.
[40] HASAN A R,KABIR C S.Wellbore heat-transfer modeling and applications[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,86-87:127-136.
[41] WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang,WANG Xuerui,et al.Prediction of natural gas hydrate formation region in wellbore during deep- water gas well testing[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,26(4):568-576.
[42] ZHANG Jianbo,WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang,et al.An integrated prediction model of hydrate blockage formation in deep-water gas wells[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,140:187-202.
[43] 陈光进,马庆兰,郭天民.水合物模型的建立及在含盐体系中的应用[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):64-70.
CHEN Guangjin,MA Qinglan,GUO Tianmin.A new hydrate model and its extended application in electrolyte containing system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(1):64-70.
[44] SUN Xiaohui,WANG Zhiyuan,SUN Baojiang,et al.Modeling of dynamic hydrate shell growth on bubble surface considering multiple factor interactions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,331:221-233.
[45] SUN Baojiang,LIU Zheng,WANG Zhiyuan,et al.Experimental and modeling investigations into hydrate shell growth on suspended bubbles considering pore updating and surface collapse[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2019,207:1-16.
[46] FU Weiqi,WANG Zhiyuan,YUE Xinjian,et al.Experimental study of methane hydrate formation in water-continuous flow loop[J].Energy & Fuels,2019,33(3):2176-2185.
[47] BASSANI C L,BARBUTO F A A,SUM A K,et al.Modeling the effects of hydrate wall deposition on slug flow hydrodynamics and heat transfer[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,114:245-254.
[48] ROSAS L M M,BASSANI C L,ALVES R F,et al.Measurements of horizontal three-phase solid-liquid-gas slug flow:influence of hydrate-like particles on hydrodynamics[J].AIChE Journal,2018,64(7):2864-2880.
[49] NICHOLAS J W,DIEKER L E,SLOAN E D,et al.Assessing the feasibility of hydrate deposition on pipeline walls-adhesion force measurements of clathrate hydrate particles on carbon steel[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2009,331(2):322-328.
[50] HASAN A R,KABIR C S,LIN Dongqing.Analytic wellbore temperature model for transient gas-well testing[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2005,8(3):240-247.
[51] 陈涛,张国亮.化工传递过程基础[M].3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
CHEN Tao,ZHANG Guoliang.Fundamentals of chemical transfer process[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009.
[52] GOEL N,WIGGINS M,SHAH S.Analytical modeling of gas recovery from in situ hydrates dissociation[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2001,29(2):115-127.
[53] 赵欣,邱正松,黄维安,等.天然气水合物热力学抑制剂作用机制及优化设计[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):760-766.
ZHAO Xin,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Wei'an,et al.Inhibition mechanism and optimized design of thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):760-766.

深水气井天然气水合物生成、沉积特性与防治方法

Formation, deposition characteristics and prevention methods of gas hydrates in deepwater gas wells

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李志军, 马学峰, 罗强, 肖阳, 王权, 庞秋菊, 吴小梅, 邵彦蕊, 金娟娟, 钟雪梅, 宋军美. 渤海湾盆地保定凹陷早熟低熟油特征及成烃机制[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(3): 500-516.
[2]	米立军, 张向涛, 庞雄, 郑金云, 张丽丽. 珠江口盆地形成机制与油气地质[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(s1): 1-10.
[3]	聂海宽, 汪虎, 何治亮, 王濡岳, 张培先, 彭勇民. 常压页岩气形成机制、分布规律及勘探前景——以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(2): 131-143,164.
[4]	徐宝昌, 周家立, 刘伟, 付加胜. 基于数据驱动的钻井过程气侵工况预测方法[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(10): 1263-1269.
[5]	周斌, 王延江, 刘伟锋, 刘宝弟. 基于Hessian正则化支持向量机的多视角协同识别抽油机井工况方法[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(12): 1429-1436.
[6]	陈广坡, 李娟, 吴海波, 彭威, 李敬生, 谢明贤, 张斌, 石小茜. 陆相断陷湖盆滑塌型深水重力流沉积特征、识别标志及形成机制——来自海拉尔盆地东明凹陷明D2井全井段连续取心的证据[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(10): 1119-1129.
[7]	张荣虎, 杨海军, 王俊鹏, 寿建峰, 曾庆鲁, 刘群. 库车坳陷超深层低孔致密砂岩储层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(6): 1057-1069.
[8]	王　健操应长高永进刘　杰 . 东营凹陷古近系红层储层成岩作用特征及形成机制[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(2): 283-292.
[9]	林承焰余成林董春梅王友净刘卫麻成斗刘洪涛宋彪. 老油田剩余油分布——水下分流河道岔道口剩余油富集[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(5): 829-835.
[10]	祁鹏任建业史双双卢刚臣. 歧口凹陷沿岸带新生代构造特征及其形成机制[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(6): 900-905.
[11]	万桂梅汤良杰周心怀金文正陈绪云. 渤海海域新近纪—第四纪断裂特征及形成机制[J]. 石油学报, 2010, 31(4): 591-595.
[12]	余东亮, 张来斌, 梁伟, 叶迎春, 王朝晖. 长输管道信号降噪及工况识别方法研究[J]. 石油学报, 2009, 30(6): 937-941.
[13]	余一欣, 汤良杰, 王清华, 杨文静, 彭更新, 雷刚林. 受盐层影响的前陆褶皱-冲断带构造特征——以库车秋立塔克构造带为例[J]. 石油学报, 2005, 26(4): 1-4,11.
[14]	刘敏. 含蜡原油石蜡沉积模拟方法研究[J]. 石油学报, 2003, 24(2): 105-108.
[15]	孔金祥, 杨百全. 四川碳酸盐岩自生自储气藏类型及形成机制[J]. 石油学报, 1991, 12(2): 20-27.