基于回压激励响应的实时地层压力反演方法

doi:10.7623/syxb202406010

石油学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1009-1018.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202406010

基于回压激励响应的实时地层压力反演方法

徐宝昌¹, 尤香凝¹, 孟卓然¹, 刘伟², 尹士轩¹

1. 中国石油大学(北京)信息科学与工程学院北京 102249;
2. 中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司北京 102206

收稿日期:2023-05-31 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-05
通讯作者: 徐宝昌,男,1974年8月生,2005年获北京航空航天大学博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)信息科学与工程学院副教授,主要从事钻井工程自动化、复杂系统建模与先进控制、多传感器信息融合与软测量技术方面的研究工作。Email:xbcyl@cup.edu.cn
作者简介:徐宝昌,男,1974年8月生,2005年获北京航空航天大学博士学位,现为中国石油大学(北京)信息科学与工程学院副教授,主要从事钻井工程自动化、复杂系统建模与先进控制、多传感器信息融合与软测量技术方面的研究工作。Email:xbcyl@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.52374015)和国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0708304)资助。

Real-time formation pressure inversion method based on back-pressure excitation response

Xu Baochang¹, You Xiangning¹, Meng Zhuoran¹, Liu Wei², Yin Shixuan¹

1. College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
2. CNPC Engineering Technology R &D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2023-05-31 Revised:2024-03-11 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着石油勘探技术不断向深层复杂地层发展,深层复杂油气藏钻探过程中易发生气侵现象,准确、快速地反演出气侵发生时的地层压力,使井底压力快速回到安全窗口内,抑制更多气体从地层流入井筒是井控的关键。传统钻井过程中,大多数气侵发生时的地层压力反演依靠关井压力恢复曲线得到,但关井求取地层压力需耗费大量时间,时效性差,基于此提出了一种无需关井的回压激励下地层压力反演方法。首先,建立简化两相流模型模拟环空内气液两相流动行为,通过与OLGA多相流模拟器对比,验证了简化两相流模型具备较高的计算精度,可用于提供地层压力反演算法所需的实时环空数据;其次,考虑到气侵过程中各组分体积关系,结合油藏模型,推导出地层压力反演公式,该方法需要在井口处施加回压激励气侵响应参数(井底压力、出口流量等)的变化,利用回压激励后控压钻井系统获得的地面测量数据和简化两相流模型计算的环空数据,反演出地层压力。仿真实验结果表明,回压激励法与递推最小二乘算法相比反演精度更高;最后,考虑钻井液密度、出口流量存在误差的情况,对回压激励算法进行鲁棒性分析。实验结果表明,钻井液密度、出口流量存在误差时,回压激励算法的反演结果仍准确,算法的鲁棒性好。

关键词: 气侵, 地层压力反演, 油藏模型, 控压钻井, 两相流模型

Abstract: Petroleum exploration technologies are constantly evloving towards deep and complex formations. In response to the gas kick that is prone to occur during the drilling process of deep and complex oil and gas reservoirs, the key for well control is to accurately and quickly invert the formation pressure at the time of gas kick, allow the bottom hole pressure to quickly return to the safety window, and suppress the influx of gas from the formation to the wellbore. In traditional drilling processes, most of the formation pressure inversion during gas kick relies on the well shut-in pressure recovery curve, but it is highly time-consuming and less timely to obtain formation pressure during well shut-in. For this reason, a method is proposed to invert formation pressure under back-pressure stimulation without well shut-in. Firstly, a simplified two-phase flow model was established to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow behavior in the annulus. The comparison with the OLGA multiphase flow simulator shows that the simplified two-phase flow model has high computational accuracy and can be used to provide real-time annulus data required for formation pressure inversion algorithms. Secondly, considering the relationship between the volume of each component during gas kick, a formation pressure inversion formula was derived by use of the reservoir model. This method requires applying back-pressure at the wellhead to stimulate the changes in gas kick response parameters (bottom hole pressure and outlet flow rate). The formation pressure is reversed using the ground measurement data obtained from the managed pressure drilling system after back-pressure stimulation and the annular data calculated by the simplified two-phase flow model. The results of simulation experiment show that the back-pressure excitation method provides higher inversion accuracy when compared with the recursive least squares algorithm. Finally, taking into consideration errors in drilling fluid density and outlet flow rate, a robustness analysis was conducted on the back-pressure excitation algorithm. The experimental results show that despite of the errors in drilling fluid density and outlet flow rate, the back-pressure excitation algorithm still presents accurate inversion results and good robustness.

Key words: gas kick, formation pressure inversion, reservoir model, managed pressure drilling, two-phase flow model

中图分类号:

TE21

徐宝昌, 尤香凝, 孟卓然, 刘伟, 尹士轩. 基于回压激励响应的实时地层压力反演方法[J]. 石油学报, 2024, 45(6): 1009-1018.

Xu Baochang, You Xiangning, Meng Zhuoran, Liu Wei, Yin Shixuan. Real-time formation pressure inversion method based on back-pressure excitation response[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 1009-1018.

参考文献

[1] 宋闯,张晓诚,谢涛,等.渤海"三高"气井环空早期圈闭压力预测[J].石油学报,2022,43(5):694-707.
SONG Chuang,ZHANG Xiaocheng,XIE Tao,et al.Prediction of early annular trap pressure of three-high gas wells in Bohai Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2022,43(5):694-707.
[2] 贾承造.中国石油工业上游前景与未来理论技术五大挑战[J].石油学报,2024,45(1):1-14.
JIA Chengzao.Prospects and five future theoretical and technical challenges of the upstream petroleum industry in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2024,45(1):1-14.
[3] 刘岩生,张佳伟,黄洪春.中国深层-超深层钻完井关键技术及发展方向[J].石油学报,2024,45(1):312-324.
LIU Yansheng,ZHANG Jiawei,HUANG Hongchun.Key technologies and development direction for deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2024,45(1):312-324.
[4] 徐宝昌,孟宇,刘伟.控压钻井井下不可测变量的非线性估计[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1543-1549.
XU Baochang,MENG Yu,LIU Wei.Nonlinear estimation of the down-hole unmeasurable variables in the managed pressure drilling system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1543-1549.
[5] 王果,范红康,牛新明,等.控压钻井线性节流阀及其控制[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):955-962.
WANG Guo,FAN Hongkang,NIU Xinming,et al.Linear choke valve and its control technology for managed pressure drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):955-962.
[6] 何淼,柳贡慧,李军,等.控压钻井井控过程中排量优化设计[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):96-103.
HE Miao,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun,et al.Optimization of pumping rate for well control during managed pressure drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2016,40(4):96-103.
[7] EATON B A.The equation for geopressure prediction from well logs[R].SPE 5544,1975.
[8] BOWERS G L.Pore pressure estimation from velocity data:accounting for overpressure mechanisms besides undercompaction[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1995,10(2):89-95.
[9] FILLIPPONE W R.Estimation of Formation parameters and the prediction of overpressures from seismic data[C]//Proceedings of 1982 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas:SEG,1982:502-503.
[10] HOTTMANN C E,JOHNSON R K.Estimation of Formation pressures from log-derived shale properties[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1965,17(6):717-722.
[11] TERZAGHI K.Die beziehungen zwischen elastiztat und innendruck.Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien[J].Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse,Abteilung 2a,1923,132:125-138.
[12] BOONCHAROEN P,RINSIRI T,PAIBOON P,et al.Pore pressure estimation by using machine learning model[C]//Proceedings of the International Petroleum Technology Conference.Virtual:OnePetro,2021.
[13] HOTTMAN C E,JOHNSON R K.Estimation of formation pressures from log-derived shale properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,1965,49(10):1754.
[14] 杨进,高德利.地层压力随钻监测和预测技术研究[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1999,23(1):35-37.
YANG Jin,GAO Deli.Technologies for inspecting and predicting formation pressure while drilling[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,1999,23(1):35-37.
[15] 李相方,庄湘琦.关井压力恢复和读取时机分析[J].石油学报,2002,23(5):110-112.
LI Xiangfang,ZHUANG Xiangqi.Analysis on the pressure build-up and its recording time after shut-in[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(5):110-112.
[16] GRAVDAL J E,NIKOLAOU M,BREYHOLTZØ,et al.Improved kick management during MPD by real-time pore-pressure estimation[J]. SPE Drilling&Completion,2010,25(4):577-584.
[17] NYGAARD G,NÆVDAL G,MYLVAGANAM S.Evaluating nonlinear Kalman filters for parameter estimation in reservoirs during petroleum well drilling[C]//Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design,2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications,2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control.Munich:IEEE,2006.
[18] AMBRUS A,AARSNES U J F,VAJARGAH A K,et al.Real-time estimation of reservoir influx rate and pore pressure using a simplified transient two-phase flow model[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,32:439-452.
[19] NIKOOFARD A,JOHANSEN T A,MOLAEI A.Reservoir characterization in under-balanced drilling with nonlinear moving horizon estimation with manual and automatic control conditions[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2020,192:107248.
[20] VEFRING E H,NYGAARD G,LORENTZEN R J,et al.Reservoir characterization during underbalanced drilling (UBD):methodology and active tests[J].SPE Journal,2006,11(2):181-192.
[21] ROSTAMI S A,KINIK K,GUMUS F,et al.Dynamic calibration of the empirical pore pressure estimation methods using MPD data[C]//Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference.Houston:OTC,2015.
[22] 夏安迪,孙宝江,于晓东,等.基于气侵响应参数的气侵类型判定与地层信息计算[C]//2019国际石油石化技术会议论文集.北京:[出版者不详],2019:20-32.
XIA Andi,SUN Baojiang,YU Xiaodong,et al.Gas invasion type determination and Formation information calculation based on gas invasion response parameters[C]//Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology.Beijing:[s.n.],2019:20-32.
[23] WEI Na,XU Chaoyang,MENG Yingfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in wellbore based on drift flux model[J].Applied Mathematics and Computation,2018,338:175-191.
[24] YANG Hongwei,LI Jun,LIU Gonghui,et al.The effect of interfacial mass transfer of slip-rising gas bubbles on two-phase flow in the vertical wellbore/pipeline[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2020,150:119326.
[25] LORDEJANI S N,ABBASI M H,VELMURUGAN N,et al.Modeling and numerical implementation of managed-pressure-drilling systems for the assessment of pressure-control systems[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2020,35(4):598-619.
[26] 徐宝昌,张学智,王雅欣,等.用于两相流环空压力预测的自适应物理信息神经网络模型[J].石油学报,2023,44(3):545-555.
XU Baochang,ZHANG Xuezhi,WANG Yaxin,et al.Self-adaptive physical information neural network model for prediction of two-phase flow annulus pressure[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2023,44(3):545-555.
[27] GODHAVN J M,PAVLOV A,KAASA G O,et al.Drilling seeking automatic control solutions[J].IFAC Proceedings Volumes,2011,44(1):10842-10850.
[28] GJERSTAD K,AAMO O M.A dynamic model of two-phase flow for simulating gas kick and facilitating model-based control in drilling operations[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2021,205:108902.
[29] GJERSTAD A K.Simplified flow equations for single-phase non-newtonian fluids in couette-poiseuille flow and in pipes:for dynamic modeling of surge and swab pressure in oil well drilling operations[D].Stavanger:University of Stavanger,2014.
[30] HASAN A R,KABIR C S.Two-phase flow in vertical and inclined annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1992,18(2):279-293.
[31] 吴永,黄文.正交配置法处理微分方程两点边值问题的辅助用表[J].宁夏工程技术,2016,15(1):1-5.
WU Yong,HUANG Wen.An assist table which handle the problem of deuce boundary of differential equation with the orthogonal collocation[J].Ningxia Engineering Technology,2016,15(1):1-5.
[32] 夏安迪.基于模式识别的气侵早期诊断与地层信息反演[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2019.
XIA Andi.Early gas kick detection based on pattern recognition and inversion of formation information after a kick[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2019.
[33] SHAYEGI S,KABIR C S S,IF F,et al.Reservoir characterization begins at first contact with the drill bit[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2012,27(1):11-21.
[34] BENDLKSEN K H,MALNES D,MOE R,et al.The dynamic two-fluid model OLGA:theory and application[J].SPE Production Engineering,1991,6(2):171-180.
[35] 曹宏,常德双,胡少华,等.中国深层油气勘探地球物理技术与展望[J].石油学报,2023,44(12):2250-2269.
CAO Hong,CHANG Deshuang,HU Shaohua,et al.Geophysical techniques and prospects for deep oil-gas exploration in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2023,44(12):2250-2269.
[36] 龚浩,唐庚,张林,等.川西地区超深高温高压气井完井试油技术研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2020,43(增刊1):61-63.
GONG Hao,TANG Geng,ZHANG Lin,et al.Research and application of well completion and testing technology for ultra-deep HTHP gas wells in western Sichuan area[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2020,43(S1):61-63.
[37] 谢彬强,陶怀志,张俊,等.梳型温敏聚合物对无固相水基钻井液高温流变性的调控[J].石油学报,2024,45(2):427-436.
XIE Binqiang,TAO Huaizhi,ZHANG Jun,et al.Regulation of comb-type thermo-sensitive polymer on high-temperature rheological properties of solid-free water-based drilling fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2024,45(2):427-436.

基于回压激励响应的实时地层压力反演方法

Real-time formation pressure inversion method based on back-pressure excitation response

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吴涛, 王彬, 费李莹, 刘超威, 任海姣, 李啸, 张越迁, 杨海波. 准噶尔盆地凝析气藏成因与分布规律[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(12): 1640-1653.
[2]	王江帅, 李军, 何岩峰, 柳贡慧, 邓嵩, 杨宏伟, 宋学锋, 杨青, 夏顺雷. 变梯度控压钻井井控过程中井口回压变化规律[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(11): 1499-1505.
[3]	徐宝昌, 周家立, 刘伟, 付加胜. 基于数据驱动的钻井过程气侵工况预测方法[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(10): 1263-1269.
[4]	王宁, 孙宝江, 刘书杰, 王志远, 高永海. 井筒内气体扩散侵入定量计算模型[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(9): 1082-1090.
[5]	徐宝昌, 孟宇, 刘伟. 控压钻井井下不可测变量的非线性估计[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(12): 1543-1549.
[6]	王国荣, 楚飞, 陶思宇, 朱颢, 张敏, 陈宝康, 周然, 刘鹏. 控压钻井节流阀液-固两相流冲蚀预测及验证[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(6): 754-759.
[7]	徐朝阳, 孟英峰, 魏纳, 李皋, 杨谋, 刘佳洁. 气侵过程井筒压力演变规律实验和模型[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(1): 120-126.
[8]	张兴全, 周英操, 刘伟, 郭庆丰, 崔堂波. 碳酸盐岩地层重力置换气侵特征[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(5): 958-962.
[9]	陈平, 马天寿. 深水钻井溢流早期监测技术研究现状[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(3): 602-612.
[10]	谢增业, 魏国齐, 李剑, 杨威, 张光武, 国建英, 张莉. 中国海相碳酸盐岩大气田成藏特征与模式[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(增刊一): 29-40.
[11]	王果, 刘建华, 丁超, 范红康. 控压钻井条件下井身结构优化设计[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(3): 545-549.
[12]	卓鲁斌葛云华张富成汪海阁袁智龙　平 . 碳酸盐岩油气藏气侵早期识别技术[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(S2): 174-180.
[13]	石晓兵, 甘一风, 钟水清, 熊继有, 张仕强. 高含硫地质环境钻井硫化氢气侵规律研究[J]. 石油学报, 2008, 29(4): 601-604.
[14]	吕晓光, 张学文, 刘合年, 吴蕾, Sihman Marmosuwito. 综合运用地震反演及测井资料建立单砂体骨架模型[J]. 石油学报, 2007, 28(6): 82-86.
[15]	李相方, 管丛笑, 隋秀香, 胡湘炯. 压力波气侵检测理论及应用[J]. 石油学报, 1997, 18(3): 128-133.