塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征

doi:10.7623/syxb202001004

石油学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 43-58.DOI: 10.7623/syxb202001004

塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征

蔡忠贤^1,2, 张恒^1,2, 漆立新³, 云露³, 曹自成³, 沙旭光³

1. 中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室湖北武汉 430074;
2. 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院湖北武汉 430074;
3. 中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2019-04-26 修回日期:2019-11-11 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-02-06
通讯作者: 张恒,男,1988年11月生,2011年获中国地质大学(武汉)学士学位,2016年获中国地质大学(武汉)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(武汉)博士后,主要从事岩溶地质学、碳酸盐岩储层地质学和油藏描述研究。Email:cughzhang@163.com
作者简介:蔡忠贤,男,1963年8月生,1985年获武汉地质学院学士学位,1999年获中国地质大学(北京)博士学位,现为中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院石油工程系教授,主要从事碳酸盐岩储层地质学研究。Email:zxcai@cug.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA14010302）和构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室开放基金课题（TPR-2014-19，TPR-2017-05）资助。

Types and characteristics of karst hydrogeomorphologic architecture in the Middle-Lower Ordovician,Tarim Basin

Cai Zhongxian^1,2, Zhang Heng^1,2, Qi Lixin³, Yun Lu³, Cao Zicheng³, Sha Xuguang³

1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China;
2. School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Wuhan 430074, China;
3. Sinopec Northwest Oil Field Company, Xinjiang Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2019-04-26 Revised:2019-11-11 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-02-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表生型岩溶储层是塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统油气勘探的重点目标。为了深入认识岩溶储层的分区差异性，基于塔里木盆地大量钻井、取心和地震资料以及柯坪地区野外露头考察资料，对塔里木盆地不同地区中—下奥陶统岩溶古地貌和古水文进行了精细刻画，并划分了岩溶水文地貌结构类型，揭示了水文地貌结构对岩溶储层发育的控制效应。研究结果表明：①塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构可划分为地表—地下双重水系型、地表水系型和无地表水系型；②地表—地下双重水系型结构主要发育在石炭系覆盖区，其主要特征是岩溶水形成了丰富的岩溶地貌类型，并建立了完整的地表岩溶流域和综合性岩溶管道网络；③地表水系型结构主要出现在志留系覆盖区，其主要特征是岩溶水对地表岩溶地貌产生了重要改造，虽然形成了较为完善的地表水系，但尚未产生综合性岩溶排驱系统；④无地表水系型结构主要分布在上奥陶统覆盖区，其主要特征是岩溶水对可溶性地层尚未产生明显的切割改造，地表未形成清晰的水系网络；⑤塔里木盆地3种不同类型的水文地貌结构反映了不同的岩溶演化阶段，控制了不同地区呈巨大差异的中—下奥陶统表生岩溶储层。

关键词: 水文地貌结构, 岩溶古地貌, 岩溶古水文, 表生岩溶储层, 中—下奥陶统, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Epigenetic karst reservoir is the key target for oil and gas exploration in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of Tarim Basin. To deeply understand the zonal differences of karst reservoirs, based on plenty of drilling, coring and seismic data from the Tarim Basin and the investigation data of field outcrops from the Keping area, this paper meticulously describes the ancient paleo-geomorphology and paleo-hydrology of the Middle-Lower Ordovician in different areas of Tarim Basin, classifies the types of hydrogeomorphic architecture in karst zones and reveals the controlling effect of hydrogeomorphic architecture on the development of karst reservoirs. The results show that:(1) The Middle-Lower Ordovician hydrogeomorphic architecture in karst zones of Tarim Basin can be divided into three types, i.e., surface-underground dual drainage system, surface drainage system and non-surface drainage system. (2) The surface-underground dual drainage system is mainly developed in the area covered by the Carboniferous. Its main feature is that diverse types of karst landforms are formed by karst water, and a complete surface karst watershed and an integrated conduit system have been established. (3) The surface drainage system is mainly found in the area covered by the Silurian, and its main feature is that the surface karst landforms have been significantly transformed by karst water. Although a relatively complete surface drainage system has been formed, a comprehensive expulsion system in karst zones has not yet been established. (4) The non-surface drainage system is mainly distributed in the area covered by the Upper Ordovician. Its main feature is that soluble strata have not been significantly sculptured and transformed by karst water, and a clear network of water system has been formed. (5) Three different types of hydrogeomorphic architectures in Tarim Basin reflect different evolution stages of karst and control the development of Middle-Lower Ordovician spigenetic karst reservoirs, which have huge differences in different regions.

Key words: hydrogeomorphologic architecture, karst paleo-geomorphology, karst paleo-hydrology, epigenetic karst reservoirs, Middle-Lower Ordovician, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

蔡忠贤, 张恒, 漆立新, 云露, 曹自成, 沙旭光. 塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(1): 43-58.

Cai Zhongxian, Zhang Heng, Qi Lixin, Yun Lu, Cao Zicheng, Sha Xuguang. Types and characteristics of karst hydrogeomorphologic architecture in the Middle-Lower Ordovician,Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(1): 43-58.

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塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征

Types and characteristics of karst hydrogeomorphologic architecture in the Middle-Lower Ordovician,Tarim Basin

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