柴达木盆地西部古近系生烃凹陷的边界效应与油气聚集模式

doi:10.7623/syxb201711001

石油学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 1217-1229.DOI: 10.7623/syxb201711001

• 地质勘探 • 下一篇

柴达木盆地西部古近系生烃凹陷的边界效应与油气聚集模式

管树巍¹, 张水昌¹, 张永庶², 袁选俊¹, 沈亚³, 管俊亚³, 孟庆洋¹, 张斌¹

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083;
2. 中国石油青海油田公司勘探开发研究院甘肃敦煌 736202;
3. 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司研究院地质研究中心河北涿州 072751

收稿日期:2017-07-20 修回日期:2017-09-15 出版日期:2017-11-25 发布日期:2017-12-08
通讯作者: 管树巍,男,1970年6月生,1993年获吉林大学学士学位,2004年获浙江大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事含油气盆地构造分析工作。Email:guan@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:管树巍,男,1970年6月生,1993年获吉林大学学士学位,2004年获浙江大学博士学位,现为中国石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事含油气盆地构造分析工作。Email:guan@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（No.41172173，No.41472176）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项（2016E-0101）资助。

Boundary effect and hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of Paleogene hydrocarbon-generation depression in the western Q aidam Basin

Guan Shuwei¹, Zhang Shuichang¹, Zhang Yongshu², Yuan Xuanjun¹, Shen Ya³, Guan Junya³, Meng Qingyang¹, Zhang Bin¹

1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Gansu Dunhuang 736202, China;
3. Geological Research Center, BGP INC., China National Petroleum Corporation, Hebei Zhuozhou 072751, China

Received:2017-07-20 Revised:2017-09-15 Online:2017-11-25 Published:2017-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柴达木盆地西部发育NW和NNW两组方向的古近系生烃凹陷，生烃凹陷内部充填了厚层、软弱、富含有机质的膏、盐和泥质沉积物，而生烃凹陷外侧则是坚硬的基底和较粗的砂质沉积物，两者构成显著的力学强度对比。在新近纪至第四纪挤压作用下，这种的显著力学强度对比引发了生烃凹陷内外不同的构造变形行为，并在地表形成截然不同的构造地貌，称之为生烃凹陷的"边界效应"现象，是识别和判定生烃凹陷的重要依据。英雄岭是柴西地区规模最大、油气最富集的新生代构造带，崛起于NW向生烃凹陷之上；柴西北区块则位于该生烃凹陷北侧，软弱的膏、盐和泥质沉积物或不发育，或显著减薄，因而形成南翼山、大风山和尖顶山等一系列长轴形构造带。此外，英雄岭西段的滑脱构造变形强烈，而英雄岭东段则转变为基底卷入式构造，可能暗示古近系生烃凹陷的充填成分自西向东发生了变化。生烃凹陷边界效应控制的油气聚集主要分布于3类位置：第1类是沿着生烃凹陷边缘，近源聚集于边界效应引起的构造高部位；第2类是生烃凹陷外侧，源外聚集于三角洲、滨浅湖向半深湖过渡区域的构造和岩性圈闭；第3类是生烃凹陷内部，源内聚集于古近系内幕的构造和岩性圈闭。因此，柴西地区应采取"满凹控藏、3种类型、分带聚集"的思路，针对上述3类位置实施整体评价和勘探部署。

关键词: 生烃凹陷, 边界效应, 构造地貌, 古近系, 柴西地区

Abstract:

Two groups of NW and NNW trending Paleogene hydrocarbon-generation depressions are developed in western Qaidam Basin. These depressions were filled with thick, soft and organic-rich sediments, including gypsum, salt and argillaceous rocks, while the peripheries of depressions consist of hard basement and coarse-grained arenous sediments. Such a remarkable contrast in mechanical strength led to different deformation behaviors and quite distinct tectonic landforms inside and outside the hydrocarbon-generation depressions under the compression from Neogene to Quaternary. In this study, such phenomenon is called boundary effect, which provides an important evidence for determining and recognizing hydrocarbon-generation depression. As the largest-scale Cenozoic structural belt with the most abundant hydrocarbon accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin, Yingxiongling Range was developed above NW-trending hydrocarbon-generation depression. While the northwestern Qaidam Basin is located in the north side of this depression, a series of long axis structural belts, including the Nanyishan, Dafengshan, Jiandingshan etc., were developed due to the disappearing of gypsum, salt rocks or the thinning of argillaceous layer. Moreover, the structural deformation styles of Yingxiongling Range transformed from detachment structures in the west to basement-involved structures in the east, which may indicate that the filling components of Paleogene hydrocarbon-generation depression has changed from west to east. The hydrocarbon accumulation controlled by boundary effect is mainly distributed in three types of structural positions. The first is along the edges of depressions, where hydrocarbon accumulated in the structural high parts caused by boundary effect; the second lies in the outside of depressions, where hydrocarbon accumulated in the structural and lithological traps transiting from deltas, shores and shallow lake to semi-deep lake; and the third is sited in the depressions, where hydrocarbon accumulated in the intra-Paleogene structural and lithological traps. Therefore, the thought of "full-depression reservoir-controlling, three types, zoned accumulation" should be adopted in the western Qaidam Basin to implement the overall evaluation and exploration deployment aiming at the above three types of positions.

Key words: hydrocarbon-generation depression, boundary effect, tectonic landform, Paleogene, the western Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.14

管树巍, 张水昌, 张永庶, 袁选俊, 沈亚, 管俊亚, 孟庆洋, 张斌. 柴达木盆地西部古近系生烃凹陷的边界效应与油气聚集模式[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(11): 1217-1229.

Guan Shuwei, Zhang Shuichang, Zhang Yongshu, Yuan Xuanjun, Shen Ya, Guan Junya, Meng Qingyang, Zhang Bin. Boundary effect and hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of Paleogene hydrocarbon-generation depression in the western Q aidam Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(11): 1217-1229.

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柴达木盆地西部古近系生烃凹陷的边界效应与油气聚集模式

Boundary effect and hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of Paleogene hydrocarbon-generation depression in the western Q aidam Basin

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